{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5JSFRUPING7I","short_pith_number":"pith:7P2ZAMUK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.2377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-11T10:39:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"c1c013bf83dd30608197f6dca17b3c2a3fe671bb4dd74c91d5a203ec2c3f5bf8","abstract_canon_sha256":"076369ce879bf89b90fcd032bd202991a9bd7714c7cc60b5a6155b4d82235756"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fbf590328a60461dd7a9916347a1a6fa028557149e97fd8f273adeeee56bc3ad","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1212.2377","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.2377","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.2377v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.2377","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7P2ZAMUKMBDB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7P2ZAMUK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5JSFRUPING7I","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.2377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-11T10:39:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"c1c013bf83dd30608197f6dca17b3c2a3fe671bb4dd74c91d5a203ec2c3f5bf8","abstract_canon_sha256":"076369ce879bf89b90fcd032bd202991a9bd7714c7cc60b5a6155b4d82235756"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fbf590328a60461dd7a9916347a1a6fa028557149e97fd8f273adeeee56bc3ad","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.096260Z","signature_b64":"KM+RlSeEvwxnrLaXXGfgZLq08pvDZuCqznHLzK+VJbVwXJsUlb2hY2FbKCddUK8uzJ3sOYcN7C/cGA+gnmp1DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fbf590328a60461dd7a9916347a1a6fa028557149e97fd8f273adeeee56bc3ad","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.095520Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.095520Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1212.2377","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qRRKrzAFp1YYnH2M8tMh0eqhbr3ofnSJWzsFmhci0VyNuDkquTfrkWgm15lyo33blSaWtGVpkzHqMRQco44YAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T21:45:12.319912Z"},"content_sha256":"e9d1a67bb211cc7d708d317539dd112f8cd46f6f3c4bd354cba4b4dd17843a71","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e9d1a67bb211cc7d708d317539dd112f8cd46f6f3c4bd354cba4b4dd17843a71"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5JSFRUPING7I","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Micro-origin of Macro-strength: Friction","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","authors_text":"Alex X. Jerves, Jos\\'e E. Andrade","submitted_at":"2012-12-11T10:39:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents an analytical study about the behavior of arbitrary shaped and sized non-cohesive two-dimensional granular materials. Several mechanical properties and relations are unraveled by connecting micro and macro scales in an explicit fashion that, at the same time, provides the basis of an analytical-theoretical framework for the development of new multi-scale techniques. Furthermore, the work herein presented is based on three main ideas that are developed and connected progressively; namely, the obtention of explicit expressions that enable us to relate micro-scale parameters, "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.2377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UoipvrwWbLiaaMMwlA8CA7AWZguz8y+uoCm465p+zUFJnJfOLrqHWo22GzqrQSBbrlR1OkYKajoEUc6ARY1fCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T21:45:12.320357Z"},"content_sha256":"28c9f04514763fae1f3b35b6a3e69b8e08a2d7cf338844129fea29baf891edc1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:28c9f04514763fae1f3b35b6a3e69b8e08a2d7cf338844129fea29baf891edc1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5JSFRUPING7I/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5JSFRUPING7I/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5JSFRUPING7I/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T21:45:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5JSFRUPING7I","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5JSFRUPING7I/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5JSFRUPING7I/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5JSFRUPING7I/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5JSFRUPING7I","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"076369ce879bf89b90fcd032bd202991a9bd7714c7cc60b5a6155b4d82235756","cross_cats_sorted":["math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-11T10:39:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"c1c013bf83dd30608197f6dca17b3c2a3fe671bb4dd74c91d5a203ec2c3f5bf8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.2377","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.2377","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.2377v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.2377","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7P2ZAMUKMBDB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7P2ZAMUKMBDB3V5J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7P2ZAMUK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:28c9f04514763fae1f3b35b6a3e69b8e08a2d7cf338844129fea29baf891edc1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents an analytical study about the behavior of arbitrary shaped and sized non-cohesive two-dimensional granular materials. Several mechanical properties and relations are unraveled by connecting micro and macro scales in an explicit fashion that, at the same time, provides the basis of an analytical-theoretical framework for the development of new multi-scale techniques. Furthermore, the work herein presented is based on three main ideas that are developed and connected progressively; namely, the obtention of explicit expressions that enable us to relate micro-scale parameters, ","authors_text":"Alex X. Jerves, Jos\\'e E. Andrade","cross_cats":["math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-11T10:39:50Z","title":"Micro-origin of Macro-strength: Friction"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.2377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e9d1a67bb211cc7d708d317539dd112f8cd46f6f3c4bd354cba4b4dd17843a71","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"076369ce879bf89b90fcd032bd202991a9bd7714c7cc60b5a6155b4d82235756","cross_cats_sorted":["math-ph","math.MP","physics.class-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-11T10:39:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"c1c013bf83dd30608197f6dca17b3c2a3fe671bb4dd74c91d5a203ec2c3f5bf8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.2377","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"fbf590328a60461dd7a9916347a1a6fa028557149e97fd8f273adeeee56bc3ad","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fbf590328a60461dd7a9916347a1a6fa028557149e97fd8f273adeeee56bc3ad","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.095520Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.095520Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KM+RlSeEvwxnrLaXXGfgZLq08pvDZuCqznHLzK+VJbVwXJsUlb2hY2FbKCddUK8uzJ3sOYcN7C/cGA+gnmp1DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.096260Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1212.2377","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e9d1a67bb211cc7d708d317539dd112f8cd46f6f3c4bd354cba4b4dd17843a71","sha256:28c9f04514763fae1f3b35b6a3e69b8e08a2d7cf338844129fea29baf891edc1"],"state_sha256":"b126370bb8ad770eb0743986af6d337893fc25b22371e92e6d05f64a13749d51"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Q/XWsfnLPTZfGbYSSZQFUIrt/AJb1WxZa5vycEkEJvEms5ew7F/6nzq6kH7Q3YnJ7b+ippdnTnX9AEQMHGGhBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T21:45:12.323962Z","bundle_sha256":"e61ce67797d47add18d0ed562c22a5ad76906cb194f97717eabf3b566b7e5bf9"}}