Pith Number

pith:7P4MQPRZ

pith:2026:7P4MQPRZW4UKJLBA7LRVLSCG4K

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Macro: Enhancing Multilingual Counterfactual Explanations through Alignment-as-Preference Optimization

Bohao Chu, Jing Yang, Qianli Wang, Simon Ostermann, Yihong Liu, Yilong Wang

A preference alignment method called Macro improves the validity of multilingual self-generated counterfactual explanations by 12.55 percent on average while maintaining minimality.

arxiv:2605.11632 v2 · 2026-05-12 · cs.CL · cs.AI

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\pithnumber{7P4MQPRZW4UKJLBA7LRVLSCG4K}

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Claims

C1strongest claim

Experiments across four LLMs and seven typologically diverse languages show that Macro improves validity by 12.55% on average over the chain-of-thought baseline without degrading minimality, while avoiding the severe minimality violations of the translation-based baseline.

C2weakest assumption

The composite scoring function used to construct preference pairs accurately and unbiasedly captures the validity-minimality trade-off across typologically diverse languages and different LLMs.

C3one line summary

Macro uses Direct Preference Optimization on composite-scored preference pairs to improve validity of multilingual self-generated counterfactual explanations by 12.55% on average without degrading minimality.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-05T01:14:40.562797Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

fbf8c83e39b728a4ac20fae355c846e29e8ed32c83c65cb5d31723f179ba16fb

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.11632 · arxiv_version: 2605.11632v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.11632 · pith_short_12: 7P4MQPRZW4UK · pith_short_16: 7P4MQPRZW4UKJLBA · pith_short_8: 7P4MQPRZ

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/7P4MQPRZW4UKJLBA7LRVLSCG4K \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: fbf8c83e39b728a4ac20fae355c846e29e8ed32c83c65cb5d31723f179ba16fb

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "6061ab8a4eb421fa0d89540d86fceb1b7b7ce62edd3a578dd6d1709618ca0067",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-12T06:56:18Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "a6e1694b654f559b8075b950f5cc4ba25911443e16acdafd56ee72a1e31a47f8"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.11632",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}