{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:7RDKHMXPEWZIE43VSUQCFWU2U3","short_pith_number":"pith:7RDKHMXP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.07987","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-13T09:00:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"68edd1439cfb4acac4535ea14eafa1060444bbf7209cc30b9056bb46790a3b8d","abstract_canon_sha256":"b28c3b986dfdf9c9428add5e209f1f67932ba4b475dd290105d55db696d6f3b9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fc46a3b2ef25b2827375952022da9aa6fb1ebc1b02f6e085a5fba2b420e2c34f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.07987","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.07987","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.07987v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.07987","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7RDKHMXPEWZI","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7RDKHMXPEWZIE43V","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7RDKHMXP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:7RDKHMXPEWZIE43VSUQCFWU2U3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.07987","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-13T09:00:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"68edd1439cfb4acac4535ea14eafa1060444bbf7209cc30b9056bb46790a3b8d","abstract_canon_sha256":"b28c3b986dfdf9c9428add5e209f1f67932ba4b475dd290105d55db696d6f3b9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fc46a3b2ef25b2827375952022da9aa6fb1ebc1b02f6e085a5fba2b420e2c34f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48.719992Z","signature_b64":"qMqRseLjyx9D7lzvETFDJsDpqV4CKFdcd16G9pe1huSFpmoge9u2WolACSfXwgKPbjwd90xS6l+j1hUKRIbdDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fc46a3b2ef25b2827375952022da9aa6fb1ebc1b02f6e085a5fba2b420e2c34f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48.719532Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48.719532Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.07987","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1QNR5uOmnVBRmUwL7/94rOGqkl4iO4ylOUrC45RkgyfExZIAl95jG4a/X6zB6oP47JvurI3oOVjxCYopvUkRBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T01:24:07.497848Z"},"content_sha256":"b2f163b833db5f4021d6206df0c663b9df8b000ac9dc11f049f676fd72d09b00","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b2f163b833db5f4021d6206df0c663b9df8b000ac9dc11f049f676fd72d09b00"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:7RDKHMXPEWZIE43VSUQCFWU2U3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"SwitchHead: Accelerating Transformers with Mixture-of-Experts Attention","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.NE"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"J\\\"urgen Schmidhuber, Kazuki Irie, Piotr Pi\\k{e}kos, R\\'obert Csord\\'as","submitted_at":"2023-12-13T09:00:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite many recent works on Mixture of Experts (MoEs) for resource-efficient Transformer language models, existing methods mostly focus on MoEs for feedforward layers. Previous attempts at extending MoE to the self-attention layer fail to match the performance of the parameter-matched baseline. Our novel SwitchHead is an effective MoE method for the attention layer that successfully reduces both the compute and memory requirements, achieving wall-clock speedup, while matching the language modeling performance of the baseline Transformer. Our novel MoE mechanism allows SwitchHead to compute up"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.07987","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.07987/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FP8OyIR/uqqClvXtikVx4DJG2vMtGnpWelTwwxot+cLayV6G5ayGTrcEqOqYQcCVYNGfzta6E6h7L9JxWU4vDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T01:24:07.498241Z"},"content_sha256":"ba0d57c303e1c4685c47fe68c0120a19561e24717d4867ae39ea8853af3af152","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ba0d57c303e1c4685c47fe68c0120a19561e24717d4867ae39ea8853af3af152"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7RDKHMXPEWZIE43VSUQCFWU2U3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7RDKHMXPEWZIE43VSUQCFWU2U3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7RDKHMXPEWZIE43VSUQCFWU2U3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T01:24:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7RDKHMXPEWZIE43VSUQCFWU2U3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7RDKHMXPEWZIE43VSUQCFWU2U3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7RDKHMXPEWZIE43VSUQCFWU2U3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7RDKHMXPEWZIE43VSUQCFWU2U3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:7RDKHMXPEWZIE43VSUQCFWU2U3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b28c3b986dfdf9c9428add5e209f1f67932ba4b475dd290105d55db696d6f3b9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.NE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-13T09:00:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"68edd1439cfb4acac4535ea14eafa1060444bbf7209cc30b9056bb46790a3b8d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.07987","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.07987","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.07987v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.07987","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7RDKHMXPEWZI","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7RDKHMXPEWZIE43V","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7RDKHMXP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ba0d57c303e1c4685c47fe68c0120a19561e24717d4867ae39ea8853af3af152","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.07987/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite many recent works on Mixture of Experts (MoEs) for resource-efficient Transformer language models, existing methods mostly focus on MoEs for feedforward layers. Previous attempts at extending MoE to the self-attention layer fail to match the performance of the parameter-matched baseline. Our novel SwitchHead is an effective MoE method for the attention layer that successfully reduces both the compute and memory requirements, achieving wall-clock speedup, while matching the language modeling performance of the baseline Transformer. Our novel MoE mechanism allows SwitchHead to compute up","authors_text":"J\\\"urgen Schmidhuber, Kazuki Irie, Piotr Pi\\k{e}kos, R\\'obert Csord\\'as","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.NE"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-13T09:00:21Z","title":"SwitchHead: Accelerating Transformers with Mixture-of-Experts Attention"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.07987","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b2f163b833db5f4021d6206df0c663b9df8b000ac9dc11f049f676fd72d09b00","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b28c3b986dfdf9c9428add5e209f1f67932ba4b475dd290105d55db696d6f3b9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.NE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-13T09:00:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"68edd1439cfb4acac4535ea14eafa1060444bbf7209cc30b9056bb46790a3b8d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.07987","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"fc46a3b2ef25b2827375952022da9aa6fb1ebc1b02f6e085a5fba2b420e2c34f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fc46a3b2ef25b2827375952022da9aa6fb1ebc1b02f6e085a5fba2b420e2c34f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48.719532Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48.719532Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qMqRseLjyx9D7lzvETFDJsDpqV4CKFdcd16G9pe1huSFpmoge9u2WolACSfXwgKPbjwd90xS6l+j1hUKRIbdDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:13:48.719992Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.07987","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b2f163b833db5f4021d6206df0c663b9df8b000ac9dc11f049f676fd72d09b00","sha256:ba0d57c303e1c4685c47fe68c0120a19561e24717d4867ae39ea8853af3af152"],"state_sha256":"78e9fb43abe6f72a945722231a93ca52702d42a2be1a1229ce984fda59f16827"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5GvAoJFA0UjRfX0E9dIlp+cmTUDAFIqdKmz54CVuynEkuaG3Di4KKsJINraK7jtY72WYDusvK5S9/SgyG2+ZAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T01:24:07.500681Z","bundle_sha256":"83ac79226ef08b88eb1605163ef3222c863b4327a7c9e2d1484e5ef734154b51"}}