{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL752HYYOKIF","short_pith_number":"pith:7S2FO6JT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.0979","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2013-08-05T13:35:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"2bbedf021b73edc91b0334afea7060364e706ce6b919d7b40ddb16b209939b6d","abstract_canon_sha256":"0a445bb2c4ee7ebd2302a6b945e19046655fc1fd3ca26c970233b3c5506ce0b1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fcb457793366ea66948bff747c61ca4172330b61e52280fc2c8a4decb8542683","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1308.0979","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.0979","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.0979v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.0979","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7S2FO6JTM3VG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7S2FO6JT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL752HYYOKIF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.0979","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2013-08-05T13:35:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"2bbedf021b73edc91b0334afea7060364e706ce6b919d7b40ddb16b209939b6d","abstract_canon_sha256":"0a445bb2c4ee7ebd2302a6b945e19046655fc1fd3ca26c970233b3c5506ce0b1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fcb457793366ea66948bff747c61ca4172330b61e52280fc2c8a4decb8542683","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08.512825Z","signature_b64":"wbcU0kSZU7kTGk6sQhoLWp5J1UZxoAekkbVJsPWYunZUXdt4p+ATg1JTQQZf029eaC1hjcqMGSdjS/LN9bzvDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fcb457793366ea66948bff747c61ca4172330b61e52280fc2c8a4decb8542683","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08.512402Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08.512402Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1308.0979","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"55lSRQq27Um82pl8rCC5qkH+47txkwTy6Qw0cvoLepMTxLOespp3CscNJvwtNWRy+K6GRuEgogWbxgPwSFYaDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T21:38:28.556675Z"},"content_sha256":"43cd82dd2847a67875710df876923038e73a6d03c4492a13c8ca13d7e41f9b26","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:43cd82dd2847a67875710df876923038e73a6d03c4492a13c8ca13d7e41f9b26"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL752HYYOKIF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Closing the Price of Anarchy Gap in the Interdependent Security Game","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.GT","authors_text":"Mingyan Liu, Parinaz Naghizadeh","submitted_at":"2013-08-05T13:35:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"The reliability and security of a user in an interconnected system depends on all users' collective effort in security. Consequently, investments in security technologies by strategic users is typically modeled as a public good problem, known as the Interdependent Security (IDS) game. The equilibria for such games are often inefficient, as selfish users free-ride on positive externalities of others' contributions. In this paper, we present a mechanism that implements the socially optimal equilibrium in an IDS game through a message exchange process, in which users submit proposals about the se"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.0979","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wK/qQgY7VBa1qwoHciqYO0hjyMn5mx1thqluSN7TCNxkHSUysxqIUmGvcK53//JZHkuwVTfsrf+GL+I4VZeWBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T21:38:28.557329Z"},"content_sha256":"417c80b41fccb51157ec0f3a0747f08bd74cbc354f63a24fee71a4ae3d3ee8d0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:417c80b41fccb51157ec0f3a0747f08bd74cbc354f63a24fee71a4ae3d3ee8d0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL752HYYOKIF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL752HYYOKIF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL752HYYOKIF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T21:38:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL752HYYOKIF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL752HYYOKIF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL752HYYOKIF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL752HYYOKIF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL752HYYOKIF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0a445bb2c4ee7ebd2302a6b945e19046655fc1fd3ca26c970233b3c5506ce0b1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2013-08-05T13:35:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"2bbedf021b73edc91b0334afea7060364e706ce6b919d7b40ddb16b209939b6d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.0979","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.0979","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.0979v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.0979","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7S2FO6JTM3VG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7S2FO6JTM3VGNFEL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7S2FO6JT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:417c80b41fccb51157ec0f3a0747f08bd74cbc354f63a24fee71a4ae3d3ee8d0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The reliability and security of a user in an interconnected system depends on all users' collective effort in security. Consequently, investments in security technologies by strategic users is typically modeled as a public good problem, known as the Interdependent Security (IDS) game. The equilibria for such games are often inefficient, as selfish users free-ride on positive externalities of others' contributions. In this paper, we present a mechanism that implements the socially optimal equilibrium in an IDS game through a message exchange process, in which users submit proposals about the se","authors_text":"Mingyan Liu, Parinaz Naghizadeh","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2013-08-05T13:35:05Z","title":"Closing the Price of Anarchy Gap in the Interdependent Security Game"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.0979","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:43cd82dd2847a67875710df876923038e73a6d03c4492a13c8ca13d7e41f9b26","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0a445bb2c4ee7ebd2302a6b945e19046655fc1fd3ca26c970233b3c5506ce0b1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2013-08-05T13:35:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"2bbedf021b73edc91b0334afea7060364e706ce6b919d7b40ddb16b209939b6d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.0979","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"fcb457793366ea66948bff747c61ca4172330b61e52280fc2c8a4decb8542683","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fcb457793366ea66948bff747c61ca4172330b61e52280fc2c8a4decb8542683","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08.512402Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08.512402Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wbcU0kSZU7kTGk6sQhoLWp5J1UZxoAekkbVJsPWYunZUXdt4p+ATg1JTQQZf029eaC1hjcqMGSdjS/LN9bzvDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:08.512825Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1308.0979","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:43cd82dd2847a67875710df876923038e73a6d03c4492a13c8ca13d7e41f9b26","sha256:417c80b41fccb51157ec0f3a0747f08bd74cbc354f63a24fee71a4ae3d3ee8d0"],"state_sha256":"6e5a86680bc0eb685befcc424b2b637eab6b6d992d7fbc88cd97d13b345e185c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RpGb9x3/2l+roLZK+fblsVaMaTA+lYpPugTZ9dgzcoOLl3XOtWS/EHKGxWSiBuBlVGNQeBLpXzERPEQ+rAHKCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T21:38:28.560249Z","bundle_sha256":"1f3450685fb47ab1d82aad590333f1169a33f01668cda0e698c449aa64582944"}}