{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZW6KEQODVPU","short_pith_number":"pith:7SQDG6PE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9703122","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-03-19T18:13:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"13f855fa2c7f56359a4eca874d7d6adf762531352752750abba15c3ef10dedce","abstract_canon_sha256":"3c914ad5029b091c62a7962e624f9acccbab87688e897d655420a9b67bf49c0c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fca03379e436cc0224b9b7944838757d23ac4aa2f5b2b90616c42e30ef14a27b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9703122","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9703122","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9703122v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9703122","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7SQDG6PEG3GA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7SQDG6PE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZW6KEQODVPU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9703122","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-03-19T18:13:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"13f855fa2c7f56359a4eca874d7d6adf762531352752750abba15c3ef10dedce","abstract_canon_sha256":"3c914ad5029b091c62a7962e624f9acccbab87688e897d655420a9b67bf49c0c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fca03379e436cc0224b9b7944838757d23ac4aa2f5b2b90616c42e30ef14a27b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38.569878Z","signature_b64":"13VbkCOJc5bQMhV3/vfghqd/OWoJpHnUqYUKkEQ+Atn5pLT984JfUoZ+eBIDq2lJhs0rxs4+t0hxO4GB17GEBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fca03379e436cc0224b9b7944838757d23ac4aa2f5b2b90616c42e30ef14a27b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38.569326Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38.569326Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9703122","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dqd1hkQwa34QaQ0+KULiIyz+1IusTb2MjeWnmthWpXcLx16HxDANrmbn4vyFiomodAUTf4hXh/m1XYLKGsKqAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T12:26:02.145501Z"},"content_sha256":"8c604fe4c40e0fcc7edd968881e533d97362cf29e39bbf2076772fd9e4163cf0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8c604fe4c40e0fcc7edd968881e533d97362cf29e39bbf2076772fd9e4163cf0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZW6KEQODVPU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A comparison between Fast Multipole Algorithm and Tree-Code to evaluate gravitational forces in 3-D","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"(2) Dept. of Physics, P. Miocchi (2) ((1) Inst. of Astronomy, R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta (1), University of Roma La Sapienza, University of Roma La Sapienza)","submitted_at":"1997-03-19T18:13:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present tests of comparison between our versions of the Fast Multipole Algorithm (FMA) and ``classic'' tree-code to evaluate gravitational forces in particle systems. We have optimized the Greengard's original version of FMA allowing for a more efficient criterion of well-separation between boxes, to improve the adaptivity of the method (which is very important in highly inhomogeneous situations) and to permit the smoothing of gravitational interactions. The results of our tests indicate that the tree-code is almost three times faster than FMA for both a homogeneous and a clumped distributi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9703122","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BFBVOF3HXly9L1zOnd0s0Uqw7oR7xxWRAbudFzU6S/BtOqIXlG+/llLcnY0pBqeVPi6xud3f1XfwXQ8HRrj3AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T12:26:02.146213Z"},"content_sha256":"7ef12e41a745947eab0c4ebd93a63c48794e17e2d432ae7fb97d0ed5c00fa2fa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7ef12e41a745947eab0c4ebd93a63c48794e17e2d432ae7fb97d0ed5c00fa2fa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZW6KEQODVPU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZW6KEQODVPU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZW6KEQODVPU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T12:26:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZW6KEQODVPU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZW6KEQODVPU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZW6KEQODVPU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZW6KEQODVPU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZW6KEQODVPU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3c914ad5029b091c62a7962e624f9acccbab87688e897d655420a9b67bf49c0c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-03-19T18:13:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"13f855fa2c7f56359a4eca874d7d6adf762531352752750abba15c3ef10dedce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9703122","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9703122","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9703122v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9703122","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7SQDG6PEG3GA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7SQDG6PEG3GAEJFZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7SQDG6PE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7ef12e41a745947eab0c4ebd93a63c48794e17e2d432ae7fb97d0ed5c00fa2fa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present tests of comparison between our versions of the Fast Multipole Algorithm (FMA) and ``classic'' tree-code to evaluate gravitational forces in particle systems. We have optimized the Greengard's original version of FMA allowing for a more efficient criterion of well-separation between boxes, to improve the adaptivity of the method (which is very important in highly inhomogeneous situations) and to permit the smoothing of gravitational interactions. The results of our tests indicate that the tree-code is almost three times faster than FMA for both a homogeneous and a clumped distributi","authors_text":"(2) Dept. of Physics, P. Miocchi (2) ((1) Inst. of Astronomy, R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta (1), University of Roma La Sapienza, University of Roma La Sapienza)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-03-19T18:13:38Z","title":"A comparison between Fast Multipole Algorithm and Tree-Code to evaluate gravitational forces in 3-D"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9703122","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8c604fe4c40e0fcc7edd968881e533d97362cf29e39bbf2076772fd9e4163cf0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3c914ad5029b091c62a7962e624f9acccbab87688e897d655420a9b67bf49c0c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-03-19T18:13:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"13f855fa2c7f56359a4eca874d7d6adf762531352752750abba15c3ef10dedce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9703122","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"fca03379e436cc0224b9b7944838757d23ac4aa2f5b2b90616c42e30ef14a27b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fca03379e436cc0224b9b7944838757d23ac4aa2f5b2b90616c42e30ef14a27b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38.569326Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38.569326Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"13VbkCOJc5bQMhV3/vfghqd/OWoJpHnUqYUKkEQ+Atn5pLT984JfUoZ+eBIDq2lJhs0rxs4+t0hxO4GB17GEBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:38.569878Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9703122","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8c604fe4c40e0fcc7edd968881e533d97362cf29e39bbf2076772fd9e4163cf0","sha256:7ef12e41a745947eab0c4ebd93a63c48794e17e2d432ae7fb97d0ed5c00fa2fa"],"state_sha256":"8c6e23a6e640a79c65e0f6bb26e60fae6a442bd841889ba28059aa6be9512d19"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"48zMW9QRrS54IvS5AGFg5UAejtXUwHIDhyDAi5Q6Aff4x7H1QBCj21ajZHfKtZ7s+9pQg+h+upFh0cvKcacVBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T12:26:02.150301Z","bundle_sha256":"34ae8b0a88ccdb638b6206a24e10b209499fed4b81f34930e7202fd618f0da69"}}