{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:7UHHG75BRBFOHXDORCSYJLRFUS","short_pith_number":"pith:7UHHG75B","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.08304","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-18T13:22:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8d0b0024c70e7f01bfac40e683e3cb629c6d464e18a1eb0974ffc25b5bbb1524","abstract_canon_sha256":"10c07596d111b822eb155027dd58351af08afc5db282173b66c444ab61e277d7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fd0e737fa1884ae3dc6e88a584ae25a48addeccd5305a1bcbf0b5cda938a86fd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2204.08304","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.08304","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.08304v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.08304","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7UHHG75BRBFO","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7UHHG75BRBFOHXDO","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7UHHG75B","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:7UHHG75BRBFOHXDORCSYJLRFUS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.08304","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-18T13:22:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8d0b0024c70e7f01bfac40e683e3cb629c6d464e18a1eb0974ffc25b5bbb1524","abstract_canon_sha256":"10c07596d111b822eb155027dd58351af08afc5db282173b66c444ab61e277d7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fd0e737fa1884ae3dc6e88a584ae25a48addeccd5305a1bcbf0b5cda938a86fd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24.491884Z","signature_b64":"U1x06Sgs2IoCBur5FlW7EGXRdItagXACPBZzEkvyQjFVHQckt/4VooYsAcg5sN0XUtfBkmDcjn3tLbGmdBtfBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fd0e737fa1884ae3dc6e88a584ae25a48addeccd5305a1bcbf0b5cda938a86fd","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24.491529Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24.491529Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2204.08304","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KTqA4A7btWSaMzC4hhdgnk9zAaM8EXH/NNJr0E/7pD6RVl9OsDu1DZzm37CdkNhsrvT+TAsDP/6qS2UvDXqPDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T10:12:00.785022Z"},"content_sha256":"5e422411e5f155d40cbecdbddce6a9021ae3b7f9d64b578ecc670da5fb771e7f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5e422411e5f155d40cbecdbddce6a9021ae3b7f9d64b578ecc670da5fb771e7f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:7UHHG75BRBFOHXDORCSYJLRFUS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"UMass PCL at SemEval-2022 Task 4: Pre-trained Language Model Ensembles for Detecting Patronizing and Condescending Language","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Alex Scarlatos, David Koleczek, Preshma Linet Pereira, Siddha Karakare","submitted_at":"2022-04-18T13:22:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"Patronizing and condescending language (PCL) is everywhere, but rarely is the focus on its use by media towards vulnerable communities. Accurately detecting PCL of this form is a difficult task due to limited labeled data and how subtle it can be. In this paper, we describe our system for detecting such language which was submitted to SemEval 2022 Task 4: Patronizing and Condescending Language Detection. Our approach uses an ensemble of pre-trained language models, data augmentation, and optimizing the threshold for detection. Experimental results on the evaluation dataset released by the comp"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.08304","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2204.08304/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TUouPbcjIXlS9GJqruciVKabRGv10FjBdnx1f7ns+EHmRvKJLboudIU5tRovwNMnIbb6VShCv0p0XsC2GpsdBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T10:12:00.785444Z"},"content_sha256":"8b668fb8c5bc89c755c7ecd3f159ed42c3dcc43b07ac24fcde1cdb760cb60008","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8b668fb8c5bc89c755c7ecd3f159ed42c3dcc43b07ac24fcde1cdb760cb60008"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7UHHG75BRBFOHXDORCSYJLRFUS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7UHHG75BRBFOHXDORCSYJLRFUS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7UHHG75BRBFOHXDORCSYJLRFUS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-12T10:12:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7UHHG75BRBFOHXDORCSYJLRFUS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7UHHG75BRBFOHXDORCSYJLRFUS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7UHHG75BRBFOHXDORCSYJLRFUS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7UHHG75BRBFOHXDORCSYJLRFUS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:7UHHG75BRBFOHXDORCSYJLRFUS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"10c07596d111b822eb155027dd58351af08afc5db282173b66c444ab61e277d7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-18T13:22:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d0b0024c70e7f01bfac40e683e3cb629c6d464e18a1eb0974ffc25b5bbb1524"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.08304","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.08304","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.08304v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.08304","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7UHHG75BRBFO","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7UHHG75BRBFOHXDO","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7UHHG75B","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8b668fb8c5bc89c755c7ecd3f159ed42c3dcc43b07ac24fcde1cdb760cb60008","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2204.08304/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Patronizing and condescending language (PCL) is everywhere, but rarely is the focus on its use by media towards vulnerable communities. Accurately detecting PCL of this form is a difficult task due to limited labeled data and how subtle it can be. In this paper, we describe our system for detecting such language which was submitted to SemEval 2022 Task 4: Patronizing and Condescending Language Detection. Our approach uses an ensemble of pre-trained language models, data augmentation, and optimizing the threshold for detection. Experimental results on the evaluation dataset released by the comp","authors_text":"Alex Scarlatos, David Koleczek, Preshma Linet Pereira, Siddha Karakare","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-18T13:22:10Z","title":"UMass PCL at SemEval-2022 Task 4: Pre-trained Language Model Ensembles for Detecting Patronizing and Condescending Language"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.08304","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5e422411e5f155d40cbecdbddce6a9021ae3b7f9d64b578ecc670da5fb771e7f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"10c07596d111b822eb155027dd58351af08afc5db282173b66c444ab61e277d7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-18T13:22:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d0b0024c70e7f01bfac40e683e3cb629c6d464e18a1eb0974ffc25b5bbb1524"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.08304","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"fd0e737fa1884ae3dc6e88a584ae25a48addeccd5305a1bcbf0b5cda938a86fd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fd0e737fa1884ae3dc6e88a584ae25a48addeccd5305a1bcbf0b5cda938a86fd","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24.491529Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24.491529Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"U1x06Sgs2IoCBur5FlW7EGXRdItagXACPBZzEkvyQjFVHQckt/4VooYsAcg5sN0XUtfBkmDcjn3tLbGmdBtfBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:24.491884Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2204.08304","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5e422411e5f155d40cbecdbddce6a9021ae3b7f9d64b578ecc670da5fb771e7f","sha256:8b668fb8c5bc89c755c7ecd3f159ed42c3dcc43b07ac24fcde1cdb760cb60008"],"state_sha256":"db8ad96d574367e0e77c9e9dfb661586ecf4582a945d5b89d49efd37ee162eb9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zrYXfO8gpkeAzeZiwQXUuzx1/Y+7ax2XagUeDW9VOzEquDo5xk1U2VJx0HgCNB4pbV3yxquIvbJErqXlWfdACQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T10:12:00.789121Z","bundle_sha256":"9881bb589f46ff95779311348ffd8981718bee2069ba5ca3b845ffd24bc09522"}}