{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:7UXK2H5HN2REWONHSSSM5T3LE5","short_pith_number":"pith:7UXK2H5H","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.06082","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-08-13T06:29:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e9efaf4c609cd53aad48621993b8df83fb8353316ddecd031580acf8e7921950","abstract_canon_sha256":"34e5fafae652cd98bf414a60bbf78b6287d79ec4eff20c3427bb437a8f77df38"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fd2ead1fa76ea24b39a794a4cecf6b2779361ca6a7c4f91fa249995ffbab0689","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2108.06082","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.06082","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.06082v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.06082","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7UXK2H5HN2RE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7UXK2H5HN2REWONH","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7UXK2H5H","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:7UXK2H5HN2REWONHSSSM5T3LE5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.06082","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-08-13T06:29:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e9efaf4c609cd53aad48621993b8df83fb8353316ddecd031580acf8e7921950","abstract_canon_sha256":"34e5fafae652cd98bf414a60bbf78b6287d79ec4eff20c3427bb437a8f77df38"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fd2ead1fa76ea24b39a794a4cecf6b2779361ca6a7c4f91fa249995ffbab0689","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37.298342Z","signature_b64":"yRz3w6zj3kQpUFz/aR3ZWGv95euLu1MEvTZEuU/x+xvxh4kIqBTC6cISghy0caxy478Eeo1DRsxuPQj+Lc+pAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fd2ead1fa76ea24b39a794a4cecf6b2779361ca6a7c4f91fa249995ffbab0689","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37.297934Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37.297934Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2108.06082","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bejH5+rONnpwgUHIU5Ya9Hyujg30hf4hLmweBVOzB02t8XHPULjEC+TY628/+m872lAXlu3V8p/PHaBIKiUTCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:11.069877Z"},"content_sha256":"03e78f02d8984cb37169a2a991929d4344aed2c1efab8bbb6f0cd59feeb09764","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:03e78f02d8984cb37169a2a991929d4344aed2c1efab8bbb6f0cd59feeb09764"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:7UXK2H5HN2REWONHSSSM5T3LE5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Asteria: Deep Learning-based AST-Encoding for Cross-platform Binary Code Similarity Detection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Hongsong Zhu, Long Cheng, Shouguo Yang, Yicheng Zeng, Zhe Lang, Zhiqiang Shi","submitted_at":"2021-08-13T06:29:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"Binary code similarity detection is a fundamental technique for many security applications such as vulnerability search, patch analysis, and malware detection. There is an increasing need to detect similar code for vulnerability search across architectures with the increase of critical vulnerabilities in IoT devices. The variety of IoT hardware architectures and software platforms requires to capture semantic equivalence of code fragments in the similarity detection. However, existing approaches are insufficient in capturing the semantic similarity. We notice that the abstract syntax tree (AST"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.06082","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2108.06082/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZZCks+/T58km160sfVe1hKnLKkkCNAWRhrgVgo/Lxb+ssQv0qxWkpWi2aSHSXYJX3a6wOY84J/fSYfnMTdzUAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:11.070241Z"},"content_sha256":"87aae8ffc90883baf58af028bcfaaec17cd09b2c017f1b03204054ebc3ac8385","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:87aae8ffc90883baf58af028bcfaaec17cd09b2c017f1b03204054ebc3ac8385"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7UXK2H5HN2REWONHSSSM5T3LE5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7UXK2H5HN2REWONHSSSM5T3LE5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7UXK2H5HN2REWONHSSSM5T3LE5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7UXK2H5HN2REWONHSSSM5T3LE5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7UXK2H5HN2REWONHSSSM5T3LE5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7UXK2H5HN2REWONHSSSM5T3LE5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7UXK2H5HN2REWONHSSSM5T3LE5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:7UXK2H5HN2REWONHSSSM5T3LE5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"34e5fafae652cd98bf414a60bbf78b6287d79ec4eff20c3427bb437a8f77df38","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-08-13T06:29:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"e9efaf4c609cd53aad48621993b8df83fb8353316ddecd031580acf8e7921950"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.06082","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.06082","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.06082v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.06082","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7UXK2H5HN2RE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7UXK2H5HN2REWONH","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7UXK2H5H","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:87aae8ffc90883baf58af028bcfaaec17cd09b2c017f1b03204054ebc3ac8385","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2108.06082/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Binary code similarity detection is a fundamental technique for many security applications such as vulnerability search, patch analysis, and malware detection. There is an increasing need to detect similar code for vulnerability search across architectures with the increase of critical vulnerabilities in IoT devices. The variety of IoT hardware architectures and software platforms requires to capture semantic equivalence of code fragments in the similarity detection. However, existing approaches are insufficient in capturing the semantic similarity. We notice that the abstract syntax tree (AST","authors_text":"Hongsong Zhu, Long Cheng, Shouguo Yang, Yicheng Zeng, Zhe Lang, Zhiqiang Shi","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-08-13T06:29:21Z","title":"Asteria: Deep Learning-based AST-Encoding for Cross-platform Binary Code Similarity Detection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.06082","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:03e78f02d8984cb37169a2a991929d4344aed2c1efab8bbb6f0cd59feeb09764","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"34e5fafae652cd98bf414a60bbf78b6287d79ec4eff20c3427bb437a8f77df38","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-08-13T06:29:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"e9efaf4c609cd53aad48621993b8df83fb8353316ddecd031580acf8e7921950"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.06082","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"fd2ead1fa76ea24b39a794a4cecf6b2779361ca6a7c4f91fa249995ffbab0689","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fd2ead1fa76ea24b39a794a4cecf6b2779361ca6a7c4f91fa249995ffbab0689","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37.297934Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37.297934Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yRz3w6zj3kQpUFz/aR3ZWGv95euLu1MEvTZEuU/x+xvxh4kIqBTC6cISghy0caxy478Eeo1DRsxuPQj+Lc+pAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:37.298342Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2108.06082","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:03e78f02d8984cb37169a2a991929d4344aed2c1efab8bbb6f0cd59feeb09764","sha256:87aae8ffc90883baf58af028bcfaaec17cd09b2c017f1b03204054ebc3ac8385"],"state_sha256":"17dfca0b85099a3572f3aa75a8d0ff7c06d179ea18c4cc26410d86e3eed7e8fe"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SWKMmJcKe1TXBih45495EYIFjWF0UnK1Df6QsdPfdRpq/XWSD3DItWsOhC9VO25luubh8I69yN/ds7NNS3EyDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:11.072212Z","bundle_sha256":"67cac1337e01e61875f7081d86e814d12ef89b227c39fdcce43240a25dbe8bbc"}}