{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2024:7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD","short_pith_number":"pith:7WLMWCCO","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"fd96cb084e596f55dc4820f668b15390c58dcff5bcffb483c9f4eb00dd01dd3a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.14073","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Meaning at the Planck scale? Contextualized word embeddings for doing history, philosophy, and sociology of science","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.hist-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Arno Simons","submitted_at":"2024-11-21T12:38:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper explores the potential of contextualized word embeddings (CWEs) as a new tool in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science (HPSS) for studying contextual and evolving meanings of scientific concepts. Using the term \"Planck\" as a test case, I evaluate five BERT-based models with varying degrees of domain-specific pretraining, including my custom model Astro-HEP-BERT, trained on the Astro-HEP Corpus, a dataset containing 21.84 million paragraphs from 600,000 articles in astrophysics and high-energy physics. For this analysis, I compiled two labeled datasets: (1) the Astro-HEP-"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.14073","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-21T12:38:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"0b839932dfff24b1e28d5b20c3799cab61b2e7bfe1738b2a6328519f6d3c38d3","abstract_canon_sha256":"76a140639652ad4dbc1b3fe52d28546d97ce4d40ebccf84b7ca4eb47566e32a8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:41.306044Z","signature_b64":"xe2dwCTkBa1L1zjp5zdoyB8gCW/C7Y5v4F3Q7XCwcy66tkhoyLgIDVtuvyeRstx3G3P1+bxS89bXjc1Sin9/Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fd96cb084e596f55dc4820f668b15390c58dcff5bcffb483c9f4eb00dd01dd3a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:41.305594Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:41.305594Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Meaning at the Planck scale? Contextualized word embeddings for doing history, philosophy, and sociology of science","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.hist-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Arno Simons","submitted_at":"2024-11-21T12:38:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper explores the potential of contextualized word embeddings (CWEs) as a new tool in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science (HPSS) for studying contextual and evolving meanings of scientific concepts. Using the term \"Planck\" as a test case, I evaluate five BERT-based models with varying degrees of domain-specific pretraining, including my custom model Astro-HEP-BERT, trained on the Astro-HEP Corpus, a dataset containing 21.84 million paragraphs from 600,000 articles in astrophysics and high-energy physics. For this analysis, I compiled two labeled datasets: (1) the Astro-HEP-"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.14073","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.14073/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.14073","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:41.305650+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.14073v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:41.305650+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.14073","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:41.305650+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7WLMWCCOLFXV","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:41.305650+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCI","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:41.305650+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7WLMWCCO","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:41.305650+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2411.14877","citing_title":"Astro-HEP-BERT: A bidirectional language model for studying the meanings of concepts in astrophysics and high energy physics","ref_index":26,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD","json":"https://pith.science/pith/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/7WLMWCCO"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/7WLMWCCO","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2411.14073&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/7WLMWCCOLFXVLXCIED3GRMKTSD/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:41.305650+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:41.305650+00:00"}