{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCBEJVWT4OPQX","short_pith_number":"pith:7WRJCV7B","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1607.00022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-06-30T20:06:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"c5bf8313a5a83a50d41fd6f884b32bca340b1f7ca0fbcc33735ef2954a1213bd","abstract_canon_sha256":"13a16d4a167a416ba59af12a9f3332453b2ae5ea68b3a5cbe7c3bbe311fb7ea7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fda29157e131691fa841226b69f1cf85eefc5396ef691a5b12c7b7577bf22d0c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1607.00022","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1607.00022","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1607.00022v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1607.00022","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7WRJCV7BGFUR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7WRJCV7B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCBEJVWT4OPQX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1607.00022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-06-30T20:06:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"c5bf8313a5a83a50d41fd6f884b32bca340b1f7ca0fbcc33735ef2954a1213bd","abstract_canon_sha256":"13a16d4a167a416ba59af12a9f3332453b2ae5ea68b3a5cbe7c3bbe311fb7ea7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fda29157e131691fa841226b69f1cf85eefc5396ef691a5b12c7b7577bf22d0c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.184347Z","signature_b64":"BU/jQwRP20PG7sR7+ClRRAd1RlNy+265LLedFMr6lejjoANoe7X6sRw3sZSDqk5Vd5SPLPlRDei8qf7INSDFAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fda29157e131691fa841226b69f1cf85eefc5396ef691a5b12c7b7577bf22d0c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.183961Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.183961Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1607.00022","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SbGGjonLGmk+noWLhTvkznC59S2v8FSzOQcdY8hM4SUihI3Dls/ichYAE2/+Y25YNS+ywiIViOza1J+XlZDQDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T07:53:07.678250Z"},"content_sha256":"54059a0dfdb0dafb46ca7444021b9ccfecf049a2a4b8ad4f355bf790ee0253d5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:54059a0dfdb0dafb46ca7444021b9ccfecf049a2a4b8ad4f355bf790ee0253d5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCBEJVWT4OPQX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Modeling confirmation bias and polarization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Antonio Scala, Guido Caldarelli, H Eugene Stanley, Michela Del Vicario, Walter Quattrociocchi","submitted_at":"2016-06-30T20:06:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"Online users tend to select claims that adhere to their system of beliefs and to ignore dissenting information. Confirmation bias, indeed, plays a pivotal role in viral phenomena. Furthermore, the wide availability of content on the web fosters the aggregation of likeminded people where debates tend to enforce group polarization. Such a configuration might alter the public debate and thus the formation of the public opinion. In this paper we provide a mathematical model to study online social debates and the related polarization dynamics. We assume the basic updating rule of the Bounded Confid"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1607.00022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4rAngfvJI9kwXjgnr1K/QeVdRUHdJi7yFpV2lLaW+zSX94BBLh/13/WPUTMN5RKxoibplJwhLeUGN5WqdlUvDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T07:53:07.678627Z"},"content_sha256":"e3101115e3dd2d5b64560861e9ebe2158d0a153ab021bd089ffccd989ef253ab","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e3101115e3dd2d5b64560861e9ebe2158d0a153ab021bd089ffccd989ef253ab"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCBEJVWT4OPQX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCBEJVWT4OPQX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCBEJVWT4OPQX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T07:53:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCBEJVWT4OPQX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCBEJVWT4OPQX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCBEJVWT4OPQX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCBEJVWT4OPQX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCBEJVWT4OPQX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13a16d4a167a416ba59af12a9f3332453b2ae5ea68b3a5cbe7c3bbe311fb7ea7","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-06-30T20:06:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"c5bf8313a5a83a50d41fd6f884b32bca340b1f7ca0fbcc33735ef2954a1213bd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1607.00022","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1607.00022","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1607.00022v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1607.00022","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7WRJCV7BGFUR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7WRJCV7BGFUR7KCB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7WRJCV7B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e3101115e3dd2d5b64560861e9ebe2158d0a153ab021bd089ffccd989ef253ab","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Online users tend to select claims that adhere to their system of beliefs and to ignore dissenting information. Confirmation bias, indeed, plays a pivotal role in viral phenomena. Furthermore, the wide availability of content on the web fosters the aggregation of likeminded people where debates tend to enforce group polarization. Such a configuration might alter the public debate and thus the formation of the public opinion. In this paper we provide a mathematical model to study online social debates and the related polarization dynamics. We assume the basic updating rule of the Bounded Confid","authors_text":"Antonio Scala, Guido Caldarelli, H Eugene Stanley, Michela Del Vicario, Walter Quattrociocchi","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-06-30T20:06:41Z","title":"Modeling confirmation bias and polarization"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1607.00022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:54059a0dfdb0dafb46ca7444021b9ccfecf049a2a4b8ad4f355bf790ee0253d5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13a16d4a167a416ba59af12a9f3332453b2ae5ea68b3a5cbe7c3bbe311fb7ea7","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-06-30T20:06:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"c5bf8313a5a83a50d41fd6f884b32bca340b1f7ca0fbcc33735ef2954a1213bd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1607.00022","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"fda29157e131691fa841226b69f1cf85eefc5396ef691a5b12c7b7577bf22d0c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fda29157e131691fa841226b69f1cf85eefc5396ef691a5b12c7b7577bf22d0c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.183961Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.183961Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"BU/jQwRP20PG7sR7+ClRRAd1RlNy+265LLedFMr6lejjoANoe7X6sRw3sZSDqk5Vd5SPLPlRDei8qf7INSDFAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.184347Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1607.00022","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:54059a0dfdb0dafb46ca7444021b9ccfecf049a2a4b8ad4f355bf790ee0253d5","sha256:e3101115e3dd2d5b64560861e9ebe2158d0a153ab021bd089ffccd989ef253ab"],"state_sha256":"cdfe5d4cf3e42da7a03ecda4ba5b61f90352776012d06bf818ab56ef45dcabe4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SaCglnnSRrdQRGRBdvRqCZsv/KVl5KqlInnAG6q/WeZ6HTLL6Qyahd8/gkMP64rvSYysceqUs/tenqLOAvqQAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T07:53:07.680738Z","bundle_sha256":"bb0af987d30b3a80b137f01ecfb58049788ddfe674dfbb458bb285bb75d92583"}}