{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRTX3CRIUIZOO","short_pith_number":"pith:7YGJSXNM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1509.01526","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2015-09-04T16:51:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9319e42487779bcb64bd0a148161109e5244b87164b19e1c6fcfd78d9c10b28e","abstract_canon_sha256":"cae9812c975b1e4fd7860782284c69c78421f399e4493ab74b0ab7e71ad24ee9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fe0c995dac5c4f93c233bec514511973aa1fef54c6a6d32b7b580235191f5604","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1509.01526","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1509.01526","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1509.01526v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1509.01526","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7YGJSXNMLRHZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7YGJSXNM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRTX3CRIUIZOO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1509.01526","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2015-09-04T16:51:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9319e42487779bcb64bd0a148161109e5244b87164b19e1c6fcfd78d9c10b28e","abstract_canon_sha256":"cae9812c975b1e4fd7860782284c69c78421f399e4493ab74b0ab7e71ad24ee9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fe0c995dac5c4f93c233bec514511973aa1fef54c6a6d32b7b580235191f5604","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51.198305Z","signature_b64":"eIVoey2hI3Eb1DOqbIKKwF83obftZQ5ZgNEFCTsAyHlXVlrC0xg6uRf8WhCp+AaDdCLm4jbIJXsr0XYHS8P1CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fe0c995dac5c4f93c233bec514511973aa1fef54c6a6d32b7b580235191f5604","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51.197607Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51.197607Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1509.01526","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zgM487Q/WLR5ElWVHwjdr87QtgH9kZlQDq0I7tTPBBDeKWuTUWbTzvMjQBhqz6S4XMLqVAj/SiZTABa57c3fDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:26:33.285993Z"},"content_sha256":"d0784e69198a7f3b8c38d207185eca24795a05f4f4c2661748077b31909b1bf9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d0784e69198a7f3b8c38d207185eca24795a05f4f4c2661748077b31909b1bf9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRTX3CRIUIZOO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Principle of the Malevolent Hiding Hand; or, the Planning Fallacy Writ Large","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","authors_text":"Bent Flyvbjerg, Cass R. Sunstein","submitted_at":"2015-09-04T16:51:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"We identify and document a new principle of economic behavior: the principle of the Malevolent Hiding Hand. In a famous discussion, Albert Hirschman celebrated the Hiding Hand, which he saw as a benevolent mechanism by which unrealistically optimistic planners embark on unexpectedly challenging plans, only to be rescued by human ingenuity, which they could not anticipate, but which ultimately led to success, principally in the form of unexpectedly high net benefits. Studying eleven projects, Hirschman suggested that the Hiding Hand is a general phenomenon. But the Benevolent Hiding Hand has an"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1509.01526","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DyWHPbxwvDBEfegb1yVxZ/R2ZesusqnuWKzJMlGo8s4zPky5rS7JgE4I8k9tlau9jaGpiDIWPxmq96Mtj+QoAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:26:33.286344Z"},"content_sha256":"52cff72d8e0315e14d166d101461f8dc7c0fa391f2e266d0e917ca05d9dbc9fa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:52cff72d8e0315e14d166d101461f8dc7c0fa391f2e266d0e917ca05d9dbc9fa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRTX3CRIUIZOO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRTX3CRIUIZOO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRTX3CRIUIZOO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T11:26:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRTX3CRIUIZOO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRTX3CRIUIZOO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRTX3CRIUIZOO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRTX3CRIUIZOO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRTX3CRIUIZOO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cae9812c975b1e4fd7860782284c69c78421f399e4493ab74b0ab7e71ad24ee9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2015-09-04T16:51:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"9319e42487779bcb64bd0a148161109e5244b87164b19e1c6fcfd78d9c10b28e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1509.01526","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1509.01526","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1509.01526v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1509.01526","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7YGJSXNMLRHZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7YGJSXNMLRHZHQRT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7YGJSXNM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:52cff72d8e0315e14d166d101461f8dc7c0fa391f2e266d0e917ca05d9dbc9fa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We identify and document a new principle of economic behavior: the principle of the Malevolent Hiding Hand. In a famous discussion, Albert Hirschman celebrated the Hiding Hand, which he saw as a benevolent mechanism by which unrealistically optimistic planners embark on unexpectedly challenging plans, only to be rescued by human ingenuity, which they could not anticipate, but which ultimately led to success, principally in the form of unexpectedly high net benefits. Studying eleven projects, Hirschman suggested that the Hiding Hand is a general phenomenon. But the Benevolent Hiding Hand has an","authors_text":"Bent Flyvbjerg, Cass R. Sunstein","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2015-09-04T16:51:54Z","title":"The Principle of the Malevolent Hiding Hand; or, the Planning Fallacy Writ Large"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1509.01526","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d0784e69198a7f3b8c38d207185eca24795a05f4f4c2661748077b31909b1bf9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cae9812c975b1e4fd7860782284c69c78421f399e4493ab74b0ab7e71ad24ee9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2015-09-04T16:51:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"9319e42487779bcb64bd0a148161109e5244b87164b19e1c6fcfd78d9c10b28e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1509.01526","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"fe0c995dac5c4f93c233bec514511973aa1fef54c6a6d32b7b580235191f5604","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fe0c995dac5c4f93c233bec514511973aa1fef54c6a6d32b7b580235191f5604","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51.197607Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51.197607Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eIVoey2hI3Eb1DOqbIKKwF83obftZQ5ZgNEFCTsAyHlXVlrC0xg6uRf8WhCp+AaDdCLm4jbIJXsr0XYHS8P1CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:51.198305Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1509.01526","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d0784e69198a7f3b8c38d207185eca24795a05f4f4c2661748077b31909b1bf9","sha256:52cff72d8e0315e14d166d101461f8dc7c0fa391f2e266d0e917ca05d9dbc9fa"],"state_sha256":"a5ec67d4708fb2ba64966ddb217db085458a18b564604f8b04c312356692a025"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"B+KvQxDjeW+5i1XYv0b7nbQ9E2x/Ag9m8DCMELeCTPFUUGwaF4Gfhgf4FSCa/I7EnPBmJKz3UDdzOXf0EFKDAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:26:33.288290Z","bundle_sha256":"b725a7a1ef5362559a18548ba784abf6d0ad488ca24949088f44dad14a371cbd"}}