{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHUREQ6IQOY4P","short_pith_number":"pith:A3KZ4WUR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.01070","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2021-05-03T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"title_canon_sha256":"7a77c2183622f2eea3b9d333ba109b47f411544c75310c457596a5e9db23548f","abstract_canon_sha256":"48118589a836e3ac077d22fad5b10aa0b4bd0af5f63b0449a2d593121e10a08e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"06d59e5a91da3ce1ccf48921e441d8e3f8931d2774cddce596947d5dca1a2cba","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2105.01070","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.01070","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.01070v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.01070","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A3KZ4WUR3I6O","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHU","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A3KZ4WUR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHUREQ6IQOY4P","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.01070","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2021-05-03T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"title_canon_sha256":"7a77c2183622f2eea3b9d333ba109b47f411544c75310c457596a5e9db23548f","abstract_canon_sha256":"48118589a836e3ac077d22fad5b10aa0b4bd0af5f63b0449a2d593121e10a08e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"06d59e5a91da3ce1ccf48921e441d8e3f8931d2774cddce596947d5dca1a2cba","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48.445415Z","signature_b64":"nhwNPo3DL1Lxxom4t9ITqbYhXkhXxP8nZyGmbznD0XQ7K3NvnHvRmWm+tMNWY+koq60dn4w1k91hepsymx1WBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"06d59e5a91da3ce1ccf48921e441d8e3f8931d2774cddce596947d5dca1a2cba","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48.444831Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48.444831Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2105.01070","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"v8BPD2gedmeUGxWsnY3l5o/XhLp+A3k+KtK6DuNxgjOx73bh3q3cwbAXwju6qgt2FrX9zRJPjyBkFbSmnP8LCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T06:30:30.552761Z"},"content_sha256":"511b37b96d4d0369f0f96e257ceab1f1b5d5bdbffdc9391e5134a3aca9c0f470","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:511b37b96d4d0369f0f96e257ceab1f1b5d5bdbffdc9391e5134a3aca9c0f470"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHUREQ6IQOY4P","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Image feature extraction and galaxy classification: a novel and efficient approach with automated machine learning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"(2) Modulos AG, (3) Department of Astronomy, 8005 Z\\\"urich, Astrophysics, C. Bruderer (2), CH-1290 Versoix, CH-8093 Z\\\"urich, ch. d' \\'Ecogia 16, ETH Z\\\"urich, F. Tarsitano (1), K. Schawinski (2), Switzerland, Switzerland), Technoparkstrasse 1, University of Geneva, W. G. Hartley (3) ((1) Institute for Particle Physics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27","submitted_at":"2021-05-03T18:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this work we explore the possibility of applying machine learning methods designed for one-dimensional problems to the task of galaxy image classification. The algorithms used for image classification typically rely on multiple costly steps, such as the Point Spread Function (PSF) deconvolution and the training and application of complex Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) of thousands or even millions of parameters. In our approach, we extract features from the galaxy images by analysing the elliptical isophotes in their light distribution and collect the information in a sequence. The seq"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.01070","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2105.01070/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sTDCj0E1/ekDEV4XM2Nh9PiG7FmWCr+vU+i5cMB62pnthTRAGjZYdhi6C3so85pxImxsrpubxh7An+18hGQlDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T06:30:30.553694Z"},"content_sha256":"d25049f48ebf79e7a1e5e0767b4290b2d63837db465b23b1a4d3f6c24b641813","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d25049f48ebf79e7a1e5e0767b4290b2d63837db465b23b1a4d3f6c24b641813"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHUREQ6IQOY4P/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHUREQ6IQOY4P/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHUREQ6IQOY4P/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T06:30:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHUREQ6IQOY4P","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHUREQ6IQOY4P/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHUREQ6IQOY4P/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHUREQ6IQOY4P/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHUREQ6IQOY4P","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"48118589a836e3ac077d22fad5b10aa0b4bd0af5f63b0449a2d593121e10a08e","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2021-05-03T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"7a77c2183622f2eea3b9d333ba109b47f411544c75310c457596a5e9db23548f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.01070","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.01070","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.01070v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.01070","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A3KZ4WUR3I6O","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A3KZ4WUR3I6ODTHU","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A3KZ4WUR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d25049f48ebf79e7a1e5e0767b4290b2d63837db465b23b1a4d3f6c24b641813","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2105.01070/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work we explore the possibility of applying machine learning methods designed for one-dimensional problems to the task of galaxy image classification. The algorithms used for image classification typically rely on multiple costly steps, such as the Point Spread Function (PSF) deconvolution and the training and application of complex Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) of thousands or even millions of parameters. In our approach, we extract features from the galaxy images by analysing the elliptical isophotes in their light distribution and collect the information in a sequence. The seq","authors_text":"(2) Modulos AG, (3) Department of Astronomy, 8005 Z\\\"urich, Astrophysics, C. Bruderer (2), CH-1290 Versoix, CH-8093 Z\\\"urich, ch. d' \\'Ecogia 16, ETH Z\\\"urich, F. Tarsitano (1), K. Schawinski (2), Switzerland, Switzerland), Technoparkstrasse 1, University of Geneva, W. G. Hartley (3) ((1) Institute for Particle Physics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2021-05-03T18:00:00Z","title":"Image feature extraction and galaxy classification: a novel and efficient approach with automated machine learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.01070","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:511b37b96d4d0369f0f96e257ceab1f1b5d5bdbffdc9391e5134a3aca9c0f470","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"48118589a836e3ac077d22fad5b10aa0b4bd0af5f63b0449a2d593121e10a08e","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2021-05-03T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"7a77c2183622f2eea3b9d333ba109b47f411544c75310c457596a5e9db23548f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.01070","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"06d59e5a91da3ce1ccf48921e441d8e3f8931d2774cddce596947d5dca1a2cba","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"06d59e5a91da3ce1ccf48921e441d8e3f8931d2774cddce596947d5dca1a2cba","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48.444831Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48.444831Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nhwNPo3DL1Lxxom4t9ITqbYhXkhXxP8nZyGmbznD0XQ7K3NvnHvRmWm+tMNWY+koq60dn4w1k91hepsymx1WBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:48.445415Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2105.01070","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:511b37b96d4d0369f0f96e257ceab1f1b5d5bdbffdc9391e5134a3aca9c0f470","sha256:d25049f48ebf79e7a1e5e0767b4290b2d63837db465b23b1a4d3f6c24b641813"],"state_sha256":"3967dd8cb5d75e636f35ebe6ad3212382b39588e2bbcd564e3632bcc88f4108d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3HpcZICmtl0aMdU4bx6DOeytsgjfkW5ujF+mXaJfqH9sT2tIFNj1QxDK3mIp1H53j8aai8ECx1OSOwpy1HQVCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T06:30:30.560024Z","bundle_sha256":"1f9975c0d3d616b28c7a2b4f443ad5fe441e4e171ab75705ae0fe4b89bd660f7"}}