{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG55AVRTE5Z3A","short_pith_number":"pith:A4HMR4LG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1611.07782","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2016-11-23T13:23:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9e5bdaefd1d118bd06d79b34323df2bb32553946b54b4e61fadf0330ebffb40f","abstract_canon_sha256":"be4a6a5b75fc70316fef9e4f619e25b211d300c7c6079cc3c288764875c5ffd1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"070ec8f1662a66ccb0dde82b1993b9d8352ea1400b6091e8dff1e826a9711fa6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1611.07782","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1611.07782","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1611.07782v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1611.07782","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A4HMR4LGFJTM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A4HMR4LG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG55AVRTE5Z3A","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1611.07782","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2016-11-23T13:23:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9e5bdaefd1d118bd06d79b34323df2bb32553946b54b4e61fadf0330ebffb40f","abstract_canon_sha256":"be4a6a5b75fc70316fef9e4f619e25b211d300c7c6079cc3c288764875c5ffd1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"070ec8f1662a66ccb0dde82b1993b9d8352ea1400b6091e8dff1e826a9711fa6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59.828106Z","signature_b64":"lcsw+nR4BOnt/WBuPNrWRLPu7Kdwl/WgQ3nuyGcqkQu6dtiDq+eJi7U5rrftZfe5LAQBLlHEjjmRaFtXl1k/BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"070ec8f1662a66ccb0dde82b1993b9d8352ea1400b6091e8dff1e826a9711fa6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59.827627Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59.827627Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1611.07782","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HGqyFw9v+xDnb5tAB/iSA2n62OoLWHgMhJvPdPlJj9YMeVa9z+I4OAeAIe1bziLuT9OR+eAollBsOHmC1iV3Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T11:37:34.048972Z"},"content_sha256":"f30ee71a08520507c4cb19523b89b510b1a12053b718e1952ece56773f0efac8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f30ee71a08520507c4cb19523b89b510b1a12053b718e1952ece56773f0efac8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG55AVRTE5Z3A","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"What is LTE actually used for? An answer through multi-operator, crowd-sourced measurement","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Danny Bickson, Francesco Malandrino, Scott Kirkpatrick","submitted_at":"2016-11-23T13:23:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"LTE networks are commonplace nowadays; however, comparatively little is known about where (and why) they are deployed, and the demand they serve. We shed some light on these issues through large-scale, crowd-sourced measurement. Our data, collected by users of the WeFi app, spans multiple operators and multiple cities, allowing us to observe a wide variety of deployment patterns. Surprisingly, we find that LTE is frequently used to improve the {\\em coverage} of network rather than the capacity thereof, and that no evidence shows that video traffic be a primary driver for its deployment. Our in"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1611.07782","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lY7L0isDLLlyiUnp1zkiXiDsZ22eaNYC1KnmICTcrf3FJkl9mamxVQkSMf1K+5d+IaW+a2o2yxpoBmEqxBsLAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T11:37:34.049337Z"},"content_sha256":"d9fb4796cfb98481238f8c7e9d46bf59a3b538f23d6b64f13f1894724b8dba6f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d9fb4796cfb98481238f8c7e9d46bf59a3b538f23d6b64f13f1894724b8dba6f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG55AVRTE5Z3A/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG55AVRTE5Z3A/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG55AVRTE5Z3A/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T11:37:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG55AVRTE5Z3A","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG55AVRTE5Z3A/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG55AVRTE5Z3A/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG55AVRTE5Z3A/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG55AVRTE5Z3A","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"be4a6a5b75fc70316fef9e4f619e25b211d300c7c6079cc3c288764875c5ffd1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2016-11-23T13:23:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"9e5bdaefd1d118bd06d79b34323df2bb32553946b54b4e61fadf0330ebffb40f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1611.07782","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1611.07782","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1611.07782v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1611.07782","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A4HMR4LGFJTM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A4HMR4LGFJTMZMG5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A4HMR4LG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d9fb4796cfb98481238f8c7e9d46bf59a3b538f23d6b64f13f1894724b8dba6f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"LTE networks are commonplace nowadays; however, comparatively little is known about where (and why) they are deployed, and the demand they serve. We shed some light on these issues through large-scale, crowd-sourced measurement. Our data, collected by users of the WeFi app, spans multiple operators and multiple cities, allowing us to observe a wide variety of deployment patterns. Surprisingly, we find that LTE is frequently used to improve the {\\em coverage} of network rather than the capacity thereof, and that no evidence shows that video traffic be a primary driver for its deployment. Our in","authors_text":"Danny Bickson, Francesco Malandrino, Scott Kirkpatrick","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2016-11-23T13:23:21Z","title":"What is LTE actually used for? An answer through multi-operator, crowd-sourced measurement"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1611.07782","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f30ee71a08520507c4cb19523b89b510b1a12053b718e1952ece56773f0efac8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"be4a6a5b75fc70316fef9e4f619e25b211d300c7c6079cc3c288764875c5ffd1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2016-11-23T13:23:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"9e5bdaefd1d118bd06d79b34323df2bb32553946b54b4e61fadf0330ebffb40f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1611.07782","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"070ec8f1662a66ccb0dde82b1993b9d8352ea1400b6091e8dff1e826a9711fa6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"070ec8f1662a66ccb0dde82b1993b9d8352ea1400b6091e8dff1e826a9711fa6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59.827627Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59.827627Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lcsw+nR4BOnt/WBuPNrWRLPu7Kdwl/WgQ3nuyGcqkQu6dtiDq+eJi7U5rrftZfe5LAQBLlHEjjmRaFtXl1k/BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:59.828106Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1611.07782","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f30ee71a08520507c4cb19523b89b510b1a12053b718e1952ece56773f0efac8","sha256:d9fb4796cfb98481238f8c7e9d46bf59a3b538f23d6b64f13f1894724b8dba6f"],"state_sha256":"d64af29bb9ab906fdb6e74e7065506c4fe8c1d9e2d60b728692cf8fbefa19e83"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"e5YqsD586O9JkSSWxp3/1DhlrJS2aucLlA8+g8xXl/SOYYTHALLm6FfdjLQkH2Al6xgqFrhbHofZ7gf985x3AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T11:37:34.051420Z","bundle_sha256":"410ec125aa87642d352779f4b0b865bf547eccb9c41e09ec0394bd8ee360084b"}}