{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4NQXKFS7OZM","short_pith_number":"pith:A4UEXQ6V","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1110.6416","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2011-10-28T18:09:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c8ddb10ccde70a64802095651d1387c3cb32ca28abf2d8453c1d093ca5734551","abstract_canon_sha256":"45d2528f17cf5083e2d6baf58d6e9259e4c1e7ac905b5dc9dd766550e891b7df"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"07284bc3d579b269b43c6c2ea2cbeecb1a2d960e288f5bb5345e13a521283115","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1110.6416","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1110.6416","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1110.6416v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1110.6416","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A4UEXQ6VPGZG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A4UEXQ6V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4NQXKFS7OZM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1110.6416","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2011-10-28T18:09:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c8ddb10ccde70a64802095651d1387c3cb32ca28abf2d8453c1d093ca5734551","abstract_canon_sha256":"45d2528f17cf5083e2d6baf58d6e9259e4c1e7ac905b5dc9dd766550e891b7df"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"07284bc3d579b269b43c6c2ea2cbeecb1a2d960e288f5bb5345e13a521283115","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49.388582Z","signature_b64":"ktqZNsZuPGfMJFhPn9TuW1q5Hg1syuTNmq6XBz1hqauHTy20Jq25BJS2+aLyH0/4NlVMEBa+ILDw8hAV/P+xAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"07284bc3d579b269b43c6c2ea2cbeecb1a2d960e288f5bb5345e13a521283115","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49.388210Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49.388210Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1110.6416","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qlWnbZUh+zVVM9zjh7ADi1AQEOUjb6UIZBr5bZYDzB+9sF047DzMKcabBLD3W8psj6yAvvuccfG6A/ctPA7nCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T11:13:07.541016Z"},"content_sha256":"4d35bada04ce7d4118a74c60b69d7588a26a492540e19261dbbe3de44b33640f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4d35bada04ce7d4118a74c60b69d7588a26a492540e19261dbbe3de44b33640f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4NQXKFS7OZM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Adaptive Hedge","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Peter Gr\\\"unwald, Steven de Rooij, Tim van Erven, Wouter M. Koolen","submitted_at":"2011-10-28T18:09:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"Most methods for decision-theoretic online learning are based on the Hedge algorithm, which takes a parameter called the learning rate. In most previous analyses the learning rate was carefully tuned to obtain optimal worst-case performance, leading to suboptimal performance on easy instances, for example when there exists an action that is significantly better than all others. We propose a new way of setting the learning rate, which adapts to the difficulty of the learning problem: in the worst case our procedure still guarantees optimal performance, but on easy instances it achieves much sma"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1110.6416","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AxEoelpJwn1HHwS0kDSgD4tZCP69l3KdVz9nffoOSANfvx04Bqe1WpARB7J90vn4dpcrPokWEepZxr+O+o2JAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T11:13:07.541625Z"},"content_sha256":"28f86ca054610dedde26dc7660fbf7bd89c8c18c585c846c10922bf22ecb51b9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:28f86ca054610dedde26dc7660fbf7bd89c8c18c585c846c10922bf22ecb51b9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4NQXKFS7OZM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4NQXKFS7OZM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4NQXKFS7OZM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T11:13:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4NQXKFS7OZM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4NQXKFS7OZM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4NQXKFS7OZM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4NQXKFS7OZM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4NQXKFS7OZM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"45d2528f17cf5083e2d6baf58d6e9259e4c1e7ac905b5dc9dd766550e891b7df","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2011-10-28T18:09:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"c8ddb10ccde70a64802095651d1387c3cb32ca28abf2d8453c1d093ca5734551"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1110.6416","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1110.6416","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1110.6416v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1110.6416","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A4UEXQ6VPGZG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A4UEXQ6VPGZGTNB4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A4UEXQ6V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:28f86ca054610dedde26dc7660fbf7bd89c8c18c585c846c10922bf22ecb51b9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Most methods for decision-theoretic online learning are based on the Hedge algorithm, which takes a parameter called the learning rate. In most previous analyses the learning rate was carefully tuned to obtain optimal worst-case performance, leading to suboptimal performance on easy instances, for example when there exists an action that is significantly better than all others. We propose a new way of setting the learning rate, which adapts to the difficulty of the learning problem: in the worst case our procedure still guarantees optimal performance, but on easy instances it achieves much sma","authors_text":"Peter Gr\\\"unwald, Steven de Rooij, Tim van Erven, Wouter M. Koolen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2011-10-28T18:09:50Z","title":"Adaptive Hedge"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1110.6416","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4d35bada04ce7d4118a74c60b69d7588a26a492540e19261dbbe3de44b33640f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"45d2528f17cf5083e2d6baf58d6e9259e4c1e7ac905b5dc9dd766550e891b7df","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2011-10-28T18:09:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"c8ddb10ccde70a64802095651d1387c3cb32ca28abf2d8453c1d093ca5734551"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1110.6416","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"07284bc3d579b269b43c6c2ea2cbeecb1a2d960e288f5bb5345e13a521283115","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"07284bc3d579b269b43c6c2ea2cbeecb1a2d960e288f5bb5345e13a521283115","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49.388210Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49.388210Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ktqZNsZuPGfMJFhPn9TuW1q5Hg1syuTNmq6XBz1hqauHTy20Jq25BJS2+aLyH0/4NlVMEBa+ILDw8hAV/P+xAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:49.388582Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1110.6416","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4d35bada04ce7d4118a74c60b69d7588a26a492540e19261dbbe3de44b33640f","sha256:28f86ca054610dedde26dc7660fbf7bd89c8c18c585c846c10922bf22ecb51b9"],"state_sha256":"d42c0bbfc5ecafc29b686f281f670cbf647ed922c2ca78cec3443a3f32243267"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IB0ZkuH79Sa0EHorwBrglXzgRJ/xotQbnVlHDYtKTfa4fZ59/YAeYGoryPhUb2GTqa+Y5lyA4OuksPP74HUvCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T11:13:07.544384Z","bundle_sha256":"5761f8dfcc0d80a88318a43f6af91008897185e0d7c6aec00ede3054b31f2b07"}}