{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC","short_pith_number":"pith:A53DVS2C","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"07763acb420cbfe9897a116e271e16888bcc6c35661c9d1dd98b960ee4e1af66","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1504.03291","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Numerical simulations of acoustically generated gravitational waves at a first order phase transition","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"David J. Weir, Kari Rummukainen, Mark Hindmarsh, Stephan J. Huber","submitted_at":"2015-04-13T18:45:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present details of numerical simulations of the gravitational radiation produced by a first order thermal phase transition in the early universe. We confirm that the dominant source of gravitational waves is sound waves generated by the expanding bubbles of the low-temperature phase. We demonstrate that the sound waves have a power spectrum with a power-law form between the scales set by the average bubble separation (which sets the length scale of the fluid flow $L_\\text{f}$) and the bubble wall width. The sound waves generate gravitational waves whose power spectrum also has a power-law f"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.03291","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-04-13T18:45:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b2e812463176ff2a1a4586a13d19604ea9238832104e8ef727c6f960c2174358","abstract_canon_sha256":"29f548dc2256cd37905a98fe9bf8d50dcbb510aafb048d086a9770ce151a6f59"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:16.569290Z","signature_b64":"HOUxlM6AqaQEbHQVjBNRfjdDor3erKMTRn3N2zDGiPv7Zr2qv1PQD9WrJPByQMTyV67K5s65rcEB1D+q/pn0BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"07763acb420cbfe9897a116e271e16888bcc6c35661c9d1dd98b960ee4e1af66","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:16.568599Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:16.568599Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Numerical simulations of acoustically generated gravitational waves at a first order phase transition","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"David J. Weir, Kari Rummukainen, Mark Hindmarsh, Stephan J. Huber","submitted_at":"2015-04-13T18:45:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present details of numerical simulations of the gravitational radiation produced by a first order thermal phase transition in the early universe. We confirm that the dominant source of gravitational waves is sound waves generated by the expanding bubbles of the low-temperature phase. We demonstrate that the sound waves have a power spectrum with a power-law form between the scales set by the average bubble separation (which sets the length scale of the fluid flow $L_\\text{f}$) and the bubble wall width. The sound waves generate gravitational waves whose power spectrum also has a power-law f"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.03291","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.03291","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:16.568711+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.03291v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:16.568711+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.03291","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:16.568711+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A53DVS2CBS76","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10.953037+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A53DVS2CBS76TCL2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10.953037+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A53DVS2C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10.953037+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":15,"internal_anchor_count":10,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"1910.13125","citing_title":"Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update","ref_index":19,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2002.04615","citing_title":"New Sensitivity Curves for Gravitational-Wave Signals from Cosmological Phase Transitions","ref_index":132,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2408.03649","citing_title":"Probing radiative electroweak symmetry breaking with colliders and gravitational waves","ref_index":90,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2410.23348","citing_title":"Observable CMB B-modes from Cosmological Phase Transitions","ref_index":35,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2502.20166","citing_title":"Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition","ref_index":55,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2504.03837","citing_title":"Exploring Leptogenesis in the Era of First Order Electroweak Phase Transition","ref_index":82,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2509.07070","citing_title":"Reviving WIMP dark matter with temperature-dependent couplings","ref_index":55,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2511.00996","citing_title":"Measuring gravitational wave spectrum from electroweak phase transition and Higgs self-couplings","ref_index":78,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.19197","citing_title":"CP-violating multi-field phase transitions and gravitational waves in a hidden NJL sector","ref_index":93,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.15259","citing_title":"TransitionListener v2.0 -- Robust gravitational wave predictions for cosmological phase transitions","ref_index":56,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.27376","citing_title":"Electroweak Baryogenesis from Collapsing Domain Walls","ref_index":80,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.20792","citing_title":"Irreducible Gravitational Wave Background as a Particle Detector","ref_index":40,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.19197","citing_title":"CP-violating multi-field phase transitions and gravitational waves in a hidden NJL sector","ref_index":93,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.09081","citing_title":"Probing High-Quality Axions with Gravitational Waves","ref_index":34,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.14099","citing_title":"Electro-Weak Phase Transitions and Collider Signals in the Aligned 2-Higgs Doublet Model","ref_index":100,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC","json":"https://pith.science/pith/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/A53DVS2C"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/A53DVS2C","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1504.03291&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/A53DVS2CBS76TCL2CFXCOHQWRC/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:16.568711+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:16.568711+00:00"}