{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD","short_pith_number":"pith:A56JJRF7","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"077c94c4bfe16e6f3b0accb04a170f58cb32b961c57f99621255ffba1d6a8311","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1505.03157","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Geometrical vs wave optics under gravitational waves","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Prasenjit Saha, Raymond Ang\\'elil","submitted_at":"2015-05-12T20:01:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present some new derivations of the effect of a plane gravitational wave on a light ray. A simple interpretation of the results is that a gravitational wave causes a phase modulation of electromagnetic waves. We arrive at this picture from two contrasting directions, namely null geodesics and Maxwell's equations, or, geometric and wave optics. Under geometric optics, we express the geodesic equations in Hamiltonian form and solve perturbatively for the effect of gravitational waves. We find that the well-known time-delay formula for light generalizes trivially to massive particles. We also "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1505.03157","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-05-12T20:01:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"26b00e33f01fc928611277ec064409cf53500cc7e430ae24edbf1d67d7530948","abstract_canon_sha256":"8f5c8190c9ee8ddb1d2e6be590449af0c0954754e778d9d76739d0730148f2bc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:14.595256Z","signature_b64":"MON1Eb/dL5uHZ8QISOetO8vUzb8G+y92TrXZWXV7R2iHKZ/vE8ConxUq293hPKrakaAy2Oz5oBR7IgLroZ0mDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"077c94c4bfe16e6f3b0accb04a170f58cb32b961c57f99621255ffba1d6a8311","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:14.594741Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:14.594741Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Geometrical vs wave optics under gravitational waves","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Prasenjit Saha, Raymond Ang\\'elil","submitted_at":"2015-05-12T20:01:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present some new derivations of the effect of a plane gravitational wave on a light ray. A simple interpretation of the results is that a gravitational wave causes a phase modulation of electromagnetic waves. We arrive at this picture from two contrasting directions, namely null geodesics and Maxwell's equations, or, geometric and wave optics. Under geometric optics, we express the geodesic equations in Hamiltonian form and solve perturbatively for the effect of gravitational waves. We find that the well-known time-delay formula for light generalizes trivially to massive particles. We also "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1505.03157","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1505.03157","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:14.594812+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1505.03157v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:14.594812+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1505.03157","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:14.594812+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A56JJRF74FXG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10.953037+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A56JJRF74FXG6OYK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10.953037+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A56JJRF7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10.953037+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD","json":"https://pith.science/pith/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/A56JJRF7"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/A56JJRF7","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1505.03157&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/A56JJRF74FXG6OYKZSYEUFYPLD/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:14.594812+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:46:14.594812+00:00"}