{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:A6X26ONXYW7ICV7RNV6ERRHXXU","short_pith_number":"pith:A6X26ONX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2308.13549","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-08-22T20:42:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"1470c8a33b419c5719a24f458d178d64fb56ce5f473a81b8e0980aef114b0005","abstract_canon_sha256":"fb89c5ed01d30700d5b664c7460676d2922a77745b3828f9e499e96c9f155839"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"07afaf39b7c5be8157f16d7c48c4f7bd1fb7151d4fef207eb290319cae40486f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2308.13549","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2308.13549","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2308.13549v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.13549","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A6X26ONXYW7I","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A6X26ONXYW7ICV7R","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A6X26ONX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:A6X26ONXYW7ICV7RNV6ERRHXXU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2308.13549","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-08-22T20:42:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"1470c8a33b419c5719a24f458d178d64fb56ce5f473a81b8e0980aef114b0005","abstract_canon_sha256":"fb89c5ed01d30700d5b664c7460676d2922a77745b3828f9e499e96c9f155839"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"07afaf39b7c5be8157f16d7c48c4f7bd1fb7151d4fef207eb290319cae40486f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51.955971Z","signature_b64":"Op7de534/ewhGrphcdWWIh318bBDu0/m1eyMjZ1w41uN76Jpg5xSfTeq6dO57sTTEfFyz2ByzX+2fuCZKUKqCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"07afaf39b7c5be8157f16d7c48c4f7bd1fb7151d4fef207eb290319cae40486f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51.955584Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51.955584Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2308.13549","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WUu+FyyA9AQn6DBRKB7s3zav+7hJmehZr+ou3l3RuHVxYlbJQ8VYFm5qd0WapAXfkI/Qd+aB7C+WH+xaxNQsAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T17:20:52.764910Z"},"content_sha256":"3b03b5ae7e4fe3712d2262b2004ac614a1959bf424437b0cb08819644d66becd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3b03b5ae7e4fe3712d2262b2004ac614a1959bf424437b0cb08819644d66becd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:A6X26ONXYW7ICV7RNV6ERRHXXU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Combining Automatic Coding and Instructor Input to Generate ENA Visualizations for Asynchronous Online Discussion","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"James Folkestad, Marcia Moraes, Sadaf Ghaffari, Yanye Luther","submitted_at":"2023-08-22T20:42:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Asynchronous online discussions are a common fundamental tool to facilitate social interaction in hybrid and online courses. However, instructors lack the tools to accomplish the overwhelming task of evaluating asynchronous online discussion activities. In this paper we present an approach that uses Latent Dirichlet Analysis (LDA) and the instructor's keywords to automatically extract codes from a relatively small dataset. We use the generated codes to build an Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) model and compare this model with a previous ENA model built by human coders. The results show that t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.13549","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2308.13549/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wVIrCRyqoGGSCpwC+73RZLyg8SRqtURqpqInhABLF6a8A5FcO9J8iTlGRyILg8H8bap7y1X9/ihC+BwGd/2iCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T17:20:52.765487Z"},"content_sha256":"3ea1d90f0da531b145e54ef2d0fafa80f1700843973ef92172b824a9209ca648","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3ea1d90f0da531b145e54ef2d0fafa80f1700843973ef92172b824a9209ca648"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A6X26ONXYW7ICV7RNV6ERRHXXU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A6X26ONXYW7ICV7RNV6ERRHXXU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A6X26ONXYW7ICV7RNV6ERRHXXU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T17:20:52Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/A6X26ONXYW7ICV7RNV6ERRHXXU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/A6X26ONXYW7ICV7RNV6ERRHXXU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/A6X26ONXYW7ICV7RNV6ERRHXXU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A6X26ONXYW7ICV7RNV6ERRHXXU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:A6X26ONXYW7ICV7RNV6ERRHXXU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fb89c5ed01d30700d5b664c7460676d2922a77745b3828f9e499e96c9f155839","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-08-22T20:42:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"1470c8a33b419c5719a24f458d178d64fb56ce5f473a81b8e0980aef114b0005"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2308.13549","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2308.13549","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2308.13549v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.13549","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A6X26ONXYW7I","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A6X26ONXYW7ICV7R","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A6X26ONX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3ea1d90f0da531b145e54ef2d0fafa80f1700843973ef92172b824a9209ca648","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2308.13549/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Asynchronous online discussions are a common fundamental tool to facilitate social interaction in hybrid and online courses. However, instructors lack the tools to accomplish the overwhelming task of evaluating asynchronous online discussion activities. In this paper we present an approach that uses Latent Dirichlet Analysis (LDA) and the instructor's keywords to automatically extract codes from a relatively small dataset. We use the generated codes to build an Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) model and compare this model with a previous ENA model built by human coders. The results show that t","authors_text":"James Folkestad, Marcia Moraes, Sadaf Ghaffari, Yanye Luther","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-08-22T20:42:18Z","title":"Combining Automatic Coding and Instructor Input to Generate ENA Visualizations for Asynchronous Online Discussion"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.13549","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3b03b5ae7e4fe3712d2262b2004ac614a1959bf424437b0cb08819644d66becd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fb89c5ed01d30700d5b664c7460676d2922a77745b3828f9e499e96c9f155839","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-08-22T20:42:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"1470c8a33b419c5719a24f458d178d64fb56ce5f473a81b8e0980aef114b0005"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2308.13549","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"07afaf39b7c5be8157f16d7c48c4f7bd1fb7151d4fef207eb290319cae40486f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"07afaf39b7c5be8157f16d7c48c4f7bd1fb7151d4fef207eb290319cae40486f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51.955584Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51.955584Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Op7de534/ewhGrphcdWWIh318bBDu0/m1eyMjZ1w41uN76Jpg5xSfTeq6dO57sTTEfFyz2ByzX+2fuCZKUKqCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:44:51.955971Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2308.13549","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3b03b5ae7e4fe3712d2262b2004ac614a1959bf424437b0cb08819644d66becd","sha256:3ea1d90f0da531b145e54ef2d0fafa80f1700843973ef92172b824a9209ca648"],"state_sha256":"05532e161044bc4f0a4187794725c221cfd7c8249fe415195e93801d2cd0f703"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WjZDeYOrG/ldBGO+95rntyD3SevpdQ86F6Xh1SqSmHIWx86r2dyOgTvkQmB5l53wKAatvmRa4XAj9uP48XgTBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T17:20:52.768924Z","bundle_sha256":"281cdead37c9cec3d5167135eda999724c8b4459a652290e9ee285a380443da9"}}