{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2005:A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJYVB3Q6HG3T","short_pith_number":"pith:A72P5JSW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"physics/0508133","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2005-08-18T17:50:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8983edffa801a0fc01e7c3571cceb179a185c6cce28bbe0d588573aa7c5220b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"76af82319b101cf8b5f3e6d59ea89f99800677ea6ba55f2c4f4ffdfb9771ebd6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"07f4fea6568ce9eab1e9c543b878e6dcddf4235b02c365c155950e4635b874e6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"physics/0508133","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"physics/0508133","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"physics/0508133v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.physics/0508133","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A72P5JSWRTU6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A72P5JSW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2005:A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJYVB3Q6HG3T","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"physics/0508133","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2005-08-18T17:50:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8983edffa801a0fc01e7c3571cceb179a185c6cce28bbe0d588573aa7c5220b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"76af82319b101cf8b5f3e6d59ea89f99800677ea6ba55f2c4f4ffdfb9771ebd6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"07f4fea6568ce9eab1e9c543b878e6dcddf4235b02c365c155950e4635b874e6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07.529543Z","signature_b64":"wdWyOF4N7We+FXcenSDBwcTyo0FbamOkHZN/igBLGtOMOa8HKHHHDTRqCUGxr8OO/bEq4rAHeAYZqzyosZskAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"07f4fea6568ce9eab1e9c543b878e6dcddf4235b02c365c155950e4635b874e6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07.528993Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07.528993Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"physics/0508133","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/vt9XGHMUiPCZPkCZK88cuQafA3zKrR3KJl/u59kKb0DO4CDBd5UvSdZlpBHwHwjj+lRsAfcBSlG1x5ErOiSAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T11:58:10.191275Z"},"content_sha256":"46f7e66bf3314aeb0f47c86e2b8625e1994431096ddf14f852a2e763cc729e78","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:46f7e66bf3314aeb0f47c86e2b8625e1994431096ddf14f852a2e763cc729e78"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2005:A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJYVB3Q6HG3T","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Probing physics students' conceptual knowledge structures through term association","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","authors_text":"Ian D. Beatty, William J. Gerace","submitted_at":"2005-08-18T17:50:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"Traditional tests are not effective tools for diagnosing the content and structure of students' knowledge of physics. As a possible alternative, a set of term-association tasks (the \"ConMap\" tasks) was developed to probe the interconnections within students' store of conceptual knowledge. The tasks have students respond spontaneously to a term or problem or topic area with a sequence of associated terms; the response terms and timeof- entry data are captured. The tasks were tried on introductory physics students, and preliminary investigations show that the tasks are capable of eliciting infor"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"physics/0508133","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zCeQjGYr7mckdqgBI9Qfb11Z3JWTbfPi9/f5sjlQB25aJGYi2D3fXE7cZwbEy3RnxHwpOOisltJzic2YW/KqDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T11:58:10.191974Z"},"content_sha256":"373fe035cb03e87f466c060ca84e62cbb0c86ee8027b22249e7cd1746d4e151a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:373fe035cb03e87f466c060ca84e62cbb0c86ee8027b22249e7cd1746d4e151a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJYVB3Q6HG3T/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJYVB3Q6HG3T/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJYVB3Q6HG3T/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T11:58:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJYVB3Q6HG3T","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJYVB3Q6HG3T/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJYVB3Q6HG3T/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJYVB3Q6HG3T/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2005:A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJYVB3Q6HG3T","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"76af82319b101cf8b5f3e6d59ea89f99800677ea6ba55f2c4f4ffdfb9771ebd6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2005-08-18T17:50:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"8983edffa801a0fc01e7c3571cceb179a185c6cce28bbe0d588573aa7c5220b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"physics/0508133","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"physics/0508133","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"physics/0508133v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.physics/0508133","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A72P5JSWRTU6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A72P5JSWRTU6VMPJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A72P5JSW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:373fe035cb03e87f466c060ca84e62cbb0c86ee8027b22249e7cd1746d4e151a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Traditional tests are not effective tools for diagnosing the content and structure of students' knowledge of physics. As a possible alternative, a set of term-association tasks (the \"ConMap\" tasks) was developed to probe the interconnections within students' store of conceptual knowledge. The tasks have students respond spontaneously to a term or problem or topic area with a sequence of associated terms; the response terms and timeof- entry data are captured. The tasks were tried on introductory physics students, and preliminary investigations show that the tasks are capable of eliciting infor","authors_text":"Ian D. Beatty, William J. Gerace","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2005-08-18T17:50:35Z","title":"Probing physics students' conceptual knowledge structures through term association"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"physics/0508133","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:46f7e66bf3314aeb0f47c86e2b8625e1994431096ddf14f852a2e763cc729e78","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"76af82319b101cf8b5f3e6d59ea89f99800677ea6ba55f2c4f4ffdfb9771ebd6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2005-08-18T17:50:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"8983edffa801a0fc01e7c3571cceb179a185c6cce28bbe0d588573aa7c5220b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"physics/0508133","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"07f4fea6568ce9eab1e9c543b878e6dcddf4235b02c365c155950e4635b874e6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"07f4fea6568ce9eab1e9c543b878e6dcddf4235b02c365c155950e4635b874e6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07.528993Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07.528993Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wdWyOF4N7We+FXcenSDBwcTyo0FbamOkHZN/igBLGtOMOa8HKHHHDTRqCUGxr8OO/bEq4rAHeAYZqzyosZskAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:38:07.529543Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"physics/0508133","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:46f7e66bf3314aeb0f47c86e2b8625e1994431096ddf14f852a2e763cc729e78","sha256:373fe035cb03e87f466c060ca84e62cbb0c86ee8027b22249e7cd1746d4e151a"],"state_sha256":"1a62687cce2156ffe8dfce3c1e4cf8bb87184251280ff371e4f2e3421fb04ca0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ogK7hd00UVUwrgFCEe/awshsA+8odeUF3JNgno2gVDH64ZGsP+jOjo14fh+Tzukgm25/oOw7v5P7OvncXj1zAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T11:58:10.195547Z","bundle_sha256":"8980f6c8953331e4cac76f252bdc0c8d8b291464cf91cdb6fb51c16cc17c5a99"}}