{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:A7JERDQE7KR6LWEEMOF22JRJUA","short_pith_number":"pith:A7JERDQE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.11993","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-19T20:36:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"10079b59ee62f64d5edd89ec85876d5b156950c7beeb0066e4f9b4b380031821","abstract_canon_sha256":"2f19ce48fbcf5bfd8b8ed95070c3b5d10dc9254df90c9d2dc8f3bbeed8327833"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"07d2488e04faa3e5d884638bad2629a03911da327d0ea480b06c79da1b0b02b1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2305.11993","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.11993","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.11993v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.11993","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A7JERDQE7KR6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A7JERDQE7KR6LWEE","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A7JERDQE","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:A7JERDQE7KR6LWEEMOF22JRJUA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.11993","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-19T20:36:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"10079b59ee62f64d5edd89ec85876d5b156950c7beeb0066e4f9b4b380031821","abstract_canon_sha256":"2f19ce48fbcf5bfd8b8ed95070c3b5d10dc9254df90c9d2dc8f3bbeed8327833"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"07d2488e04faa3e5d884638bad2629a03911da327d0ea480b06c79da1b0b02b1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05.718796Z","signature_b64":"ZQdnMVjzpmA3EGSRIeqN0qCed+cz2+poMhzh5+22xopf6B3pN6bDJspcB2Y2aaUOdkNiWG2bjGF5uPp9xlS+Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"07d2488e04faa3e5d884638bad2629a03911da327d0ea480b06c79da1b0b02b1","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05.718342Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05.718342Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2305.11993","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ttQmrRo9KFRPIO+l3buFbyc+Zcm2RTBo2+POMey1EoLrVLrHyDRAHwTispfT5c0IeJvyXCKZXvSPo9GbVCWtAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T07:39:19.732427Z"},"content_sha256":"5abd5cb893959a3f63e5db1866f312fb0ed4bcb6f33204f9a1d6c68bd5dd5149","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5abd5cb893959a3f63e5db1866f312fb0ed4bcb6f33204f9a1d6c68bd5dd5149"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:A7JERDQE7KR6LWEEMOF22JRJUA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Interpretable Word Sense Representations via Definition Generation: The Case of Semantic Change Analysis","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Andrey Kutuzov, Iris Luden, Mario Giulianelli, Raquel Fernandez","submitted_at":"2023-05-19T20:36:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose using automatically generated natural language definitions of contextualised word usages as interpretable word and word sense representations. Given a collection of usage examples for a target word, and the corresponding data-driven usage clusters (i.e., word senses), a definition is generated for each usage with a specialised Flan-T5 language model, and the most prototypical definition in a usage cluster is chosen as the sense label.\n  We demonstrate how the resulting sense labels can make existing approaches to semantic change analysis more interpretable, and how they can allow us"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.11993","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2305.11993/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ssetfOZ7jUWv8ACdzPhmwE7x1vYrqiYFBIMcalqbT/DmOQgqNATMZlH+xrAdnJVUKaD0cw/EPo2wg6/F1GtBAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T07:39:19.732799Z"},"content_sha256":"7f6206d7bc931390f2918cdf11f4e3a7606049e05c366fe389a70c7096afd00e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7f6206d7bc931390f2918cdf11f4e3a7606049e05c366fe389a70c7096afd00e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A7JERDQE7KR6LWEEMOF22JRJUA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A7JERDQE7KR6LWEEMOF22JRJUA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A7JERDQE7KR6LWEEMOF22JRJUA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T07:39:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/A7JERDQE7KR6LWEEMOF22JRJUA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/A7JERDQE7KR6LWEEMOF22JRJUA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/A7JERDQE7KR6LWEEMOF22JRJUA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A7JERDQE7KR6LWEEMOF22JRJUA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:A7JERDQE7KR6LWEEMOF22JRJUA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2f19ce48fbcf5bfd8b8ed95070c3b5d10dc9254df90c9d2dc8f3bbeed8327833","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-19T20:36:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"10079b59ee62f64d5edd89ec85876d5b156950c7beeb0066e4f9b4b380031821"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.11993","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.11993","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.11993v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.11993","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A7JERDQE7KR6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A7JERDQE7KR6LWEE","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A7JERDQE","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7f6206d7bc931390f2918cdf11f4e3a7606049e05c366fe389a70c7096afd00e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2305.11993/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose using automatically generated natural language definitions of contextualised word usages as interpretable word and word sense representations. Given a collection of usage examples for a target word, and the corresponding data-driven usage clusters (i.e., word senses), a definition is generated for each usage with a specialised Flan-T5 language model, and the most prototypical definition in a usage cluster is chosen as the sense label.\n  We demonstrate how the resulting sense labels can make existing approaches to semantic change analysis more interpretable, and how they can allow us","authors_text":"Andrey Kutuzov, Iris Luden, Mario Giulianelli, Raquel Fernandez","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-19T20:36:21Z","title":"Interpretable Word Sense Representations via Definition Generation: The Case of Semantic Change Analysis"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.11993","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5abd5cb893959a3f63e5db1866f312fb0ed4bcb6f33204f9a1d6c68bd5dd5149","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2f19ce48fbcf5bfd8b8ed95070c3b5d10dc9254df90c9d2dc8f3bbeed8327833","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-19T20:36:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"10079b59ee62f64d5edd89ec85876d5b156950c7beeb0066e4f9b4b380031821"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.11993","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"07d2488e04faa3e5d884638bad2629a03911da327d0ea480b06c79da1b0b02b1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"07d2488e04faa3e5d884638bad2629a03911da327d0ea480b06c79da1b0b02b1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05.718342Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05.718342Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ZQdnMVjzpmA3EGSRIeqN0qCed+cz2+poMhzh5+22xopf6B3pN6bDJspcB2Y2aaUOdkNiWG2bjGF5uPp9xlS+Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:34:05.718796Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2305.11993","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5abd5cb893959a3f63e5db1866f312fb0ed4bcb6f33204f9a1d6c68bd5dd5149","sha256:7f6206d7bc931390f2918cdf11f4e3a7606049e05c366fe389a70c7096afd00e"],"state_sha256":"ec4a39dd3d4680dee5d2307083c8305c9c7d4636d8f2307364fffe36a9547802"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ctBCdDliTgH1LoSyCUZWegV5jweEe10CH8jvRefmyoaedzzH9e9zo8rnK8p64ss7nAnq+HEYnvRhEAQPAl2PCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T07:39:19.735165Z","bundle_sha256":"47019943f29e8328f0aa85cdf8efbb3638317848f18a41c745d137e4485e812a"}}