{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:AADCJBXXI33NKHSR722JNH3IHG","short_pith_number":"pith:AADCJBXX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.13760","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-11-21T00:15:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"0df08a4cf055596f6e909c1c1ae928f3a9adf91f7a143c4bf5545eadf6908f5a","abstract_canon_sha256":"7a2a5573162688c5b9e612bd5eebf7234d32d9d025d9fe105394e07692021842"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"00062486f746f6d51e51feb4969f6839af07790612ed43900ebf755b1d188e6c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.13760","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.13760","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.13760v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.13760","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AADCJBXXI33N","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AADCJBXXI33NKHSR","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AADCJBXX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:AADCJBXXI33NKHSR722JNH3IHG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.13760","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-11-21T00:15:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"0df08a4cf055596f6e909c1c1ae928f3a9adf91f7a143c4bf5545eadf6908f5a","abstract_canon_sha256":"7a2a5573162688c5b9e612bd5eebf7234d32d9d025d9fe105394e07692021842"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"00062486f746f6d51e51feb4969f6839af07790612ed43900ebf755b1d188e6c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36.835023Z","signature_b64":"XYFAFnoreE6qEIZFKITBElR9zKFn55HNlzujQUAblRaeb9M+Wx/Tcuamvc6h3IuA/DQT4yZSai3P6TXOSA2LBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"00062486f746f6d51e51feb4969f6839af07790612ed43900ebf755b1d188e6c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36.834383Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36.834383Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.13760","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"isOxOqixSg3emT8NpfXHbJYt+ofstjSd0hl98qhjkDsbS1ELx5PpzyfXKOmtu+APBsZ9iy0Y8FkkYMXh/EtICA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T01:45:12.765380Z"},"content_sha256":"4610a9491adc79a5dc9ae19ff3d84dfbdebc1416c4036e34a410a148feef063e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4610a9491adc79a5dc9ae19ff3d84dfbdebc1416c4036e34a410a148feef063e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:AADCJBXXI33NKHSR722JNH3IHG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Framework for Evaluating LLMs Under Task Indeterminacy","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.HC"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Alexandra Chouldechova, Hanna Wallach, Luke Guerdan, Solon Barocas","submitted_at":"2024-11-21T00:15:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language model (LLM) evaluations often assume there is a single correct response -- a gold label -- for each item in the evaluation corpus. However, some tasks can be ambiguous -- i.e., they provide insufficient information to identify a unique interpretation -- or vague -- i.e., they do not clearly indicate where to draw the line when making a determination. Both ambiguity and vagueness can cause task indeterminacy -- the condition where some items in the evaluation corpus have more than one correct response. In this paper, we develop a framework for evaluating LLMs under task indetermi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.13760","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.13760/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5MUkM4S5kBsY5UchpXED7Me9lI2PA+bABAKqzHHy5Y7ude3Y0PPlYw5JMyC2EFmIF7LlMIvQHCfKYq82j9UrCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T01:45:12.766309Z"},"content_sha256":"82bc044c96b81a0d68cfbc7621e9b17dea6bc5948214ea1bf08cf477dca2283f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:82bc044c96b81a0d68cfbc7621e9b17dea6bc5948214ea1bf08cf477dca2283f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AADCJBXXI33NKHSR722JNH3IHG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AADCJBXXI33NKHSR722JNH3IHG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AADCJBXXI33NKHSR722JNH3IHG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T01:45:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AADCJBXXI33NKHSR722JNH3IHG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AADCJBXXI33NKHSR722JNH3IHG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AADCJBXXI33NKHSR722JNH3IHG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AADCJBXXI33NKHSR722JNH3IHG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:AADCJBXXI33NKHSR722JNH3IHG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7a2a5573162688c5b9e612bd5eebf7234d32d9d025d9fe105394e07692021842","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.HC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-11-21T00:15:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"0df08a4cf055596f6e909c1c1ae928f3a9adf91f7a143c4bf5545eadf6908f5a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.13760","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.13760","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.13760v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.13760","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AADCJBXXI33N","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AADCJBXXI33NKHSR","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AADCJBXX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:82bc044c96b81a0d68cfbc7621e9b17dea6bc5948214ea1bf08cf477dca2283f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.13760/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language model (LLM) evaluations often assume there is a single correct response -- a gold label -- for each item in the evaluation corpus. However, some tasks can be ambiguous -- i.e., they provide insufficient information to identify a unique interpretation -- or vague -- i.e., they do not clearly indicate where to draw the line when making a determination. Both ambiguity and vagueness can cause task indeterminacy -- the condition where some items in the evaluation corpus have more than one correct response. In this paper, we develop a framework for evaluating LLMs under task indetermi","authors_text":"Alexandra Chouldechova, Hanna Wallach, Luke Guerdan, Solon Barocas","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.HC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-11-21T00:15:44Z","title":"A Framework for Evaluating LLMs Under Task Indeterminacy"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.13760","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4610a9491adc79a5dc9ae19ff3d84dfbdebc1416c4036e34a410a148feef063e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7a2a5573162688c5b9e612bd5eebf7234d32d9d025d9fe105394e07692021842","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.HC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-11-21T00:15:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"0df08a4cf055596f6e909c1c1ae928f3a9adf91f7a143c4bf5545eadf6908f5a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.13760","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"00062486f746f6d51e51feb4969f6839af07790612ed43900ebf755b1d188e6c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"00062486f746f6d51e51feb4969f6839af07790612ed43900ebf755b1d188e6c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36.834383Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36.834383Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"XYFAFnoreE6qEIZFKITBElR9zKFn55HNlzujQUAblRaeb9M+Wx/Tcuamvc6h3IuA/DQT4yZSai3P6TXOSA2LBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:38:36.835023Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.13760","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4610a9491adc79a5dc9ae19ff3d84dfbdebc1416c4036e34a410a148feef063e","sha256:82bc044c96b81a0d68cfbc7621e9b17dea6bc5948214ea1bf08cf477dca2283f"],"state_sha256":"685711a215c4a7d7c264ab7df862ed0110ad8610f5ac3ed6889474a8bdc1db89"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BAvQr1Ny31q+2sVKwhNDE6klqeX9ssNux5gFMDMf15Ryvvf6j4nqN5BRCfEYK7rA4SPrb4tI1ErI2pT2yGVSBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T01:45:12.773490Z","bundle_sha256":"1939bb68592f5eb006bcc84d31bded3374a0b43c9cb9ef94711084385297c080"}}