{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:AB2SY45Q53JFXTFML27WPMLNIN","short_pith_number":"pith:AB2SY45Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1911.11922","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-11-27T02:37:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c70be692ff8ff140708089149d77afbba70537f860633d81d25a178cb4428092","abstract_canon_sha256":"8dc9f1f0d8714e4bfa29697b39a47d8b0ca950fa785322d9dadbabf30a165510"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"00752c73b0eed25bccac5ebf67b16d437f6f0f2b895945279314d7806ac3e25d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1911.11922","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1911.11922","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1911.11922v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1911.11922","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AB2SY45Q53JF","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AB2SY45Q53JFXTFM","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AB2SY45Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:AB2SY45Q53JFXTFML27WPMLNIN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1911.11922","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-11-27T02:37:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c70be692ff8ff140708089149d77afbba70537f860633d81d25a178cb4428092","abstract_canon_sha256":"8dc9f1f0d8714e4bfa29697b39a47d8b0ca950fa785322d9dadbabf30a165510"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"00752c73b0eed25bccac5ebf67b16d437f6f0f2b895945279314d7806ac3e25d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28.717587Z","signature_b64":"eBjoJyLoe2bv/+mlLc+PJiVNClt6Iq4Y2GGrba9jZ8oo8h0HkIBq9K889vwEo1kmebFQnC8cKjenLyftYzLhAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"00752c73b0eed25bccac5ebf67b16d437f6f0f2b895945279314d7806ac3e25d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28.717039Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28.717039Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1911.11922","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0z7wDETBS1MozY4e2pZ6V0byC/qepcKVC0/D+OPzfNOexBlHd2f1sI1oN4rTbmcUtYGQ2JEgPyDM9auOzmy0Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T15:02:14.017289Z"},"content_sha256":"494b0170ff898ab1d1d5c85bbf02a3b11659a9a1986c52fcb78117e57946f717","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:494b0170ff898ab1d1d5c85bbf02a3b11659a9a1986c52fcb78117e57946f717"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:AB2SY45Q53JFXTFML27WPMLNIN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"LqRT: Robust Hypothesis Testing of Location Parameters using Lq-Likelihood-Ratio-Type Test in Python","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Anton Alyakin, Carey E. Priebe, Yichen Qin","submitted_at":"2019-11-27T02:37:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"A t-test is considered a standard procedure for inference on population means and is widely used in scientific discovery. However, as a special case of a likelihood-ratio test, t-test often shows drastic performance degradation due to the deviations from its hard-to-verify distributional assumptions. Alternatively, in this article, we propose a new two-sample Lq-likelihood-ratio-type test (LqRT) along with an easy-to-use Python package for implementation. LqRT preserves high power when the distributional assumption is violated, and maintains the satisfactory performance when the assumption is "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1911.11922","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1911.11922/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DxJuhMz3tYKHaMc7qS/Vaf467L+dakF3WIuT4aWTdvBJIxpRHpRrYNquK9mJD1ecJPqsffzZXD9koVZ0Upz2DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T15:02:14.017678Z"},"content_sha256":"f7d6f56125592dbb66e7052b7699e1153c31d126dcb6742eb6a10cf7b8a93d00","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f7d6f56125592dbb66e7052b7699e1153c31d126dcb6742eb6a10cf7b8a93d00"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AB2SY45Q53JFXTFML27WPMLNIN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AB2SY45Q53JFXTFML27WPMLNIN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AB2SY45Q53JFXTFML27WPMLNIN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T15:02:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AB2SY45Q53JFXTFML27WPMLNIN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AB2SY45Q53JFXTFML27WPMLNIN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AB2SY45Q53JFXTFML27WPMLNIN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AB2SY45Q53JFXTFML27WPMLNIN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:AB2SY45Q53JFXTFML27WPMLNIN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8dc9f1f0d8714e4bfa29697b39a47d8b0ca950fa785322d9dadbabf30a165510","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-11-27T02:37:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"c70be692ff8ff140708089149d77afbba70537f860633d81d25a178cb4428092"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1911.11922","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1911.11922","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1911.11922v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1911.11922","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AB2SY45Q53JF","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AB2SY45Q53JFXTFM","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AB2SY45Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f7d6f56125592dbb66e7052b7699e1153c31d126dcb6742eb6a10cf7b8a93d00","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1911.11922/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A t-test is considered a standard procedure for inference on population means and is widely used in scientific discovery. However, as a special case of a likelihood-ratio test, t-test often shows drastic performance degradation due to the deviations from its hard-to-verify distributional assumptions. Alternatively, in this article, we propose a new two-sample Lq-likelihood-ratio-type test (LqRT) along with an easy-to-use Python package for implementation. LqRT preserves high power when the distributional assumption is violated, and maintains the satisfactory performance when the assumption is ","authors_text":"Anton Alyakin, Carey E. Priebe, Yichen Qin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-11-27T02:37:11Z","title":"LqRT: Robust Hypothesis Testing of Location Parameters using Lq-Likelihood-Ratio-Type Test in Python"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1911.11922","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:494b0170ff898ab1d1d5c85bbf02a3b11659a9a1986c52fcb78117e57946f717","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8dc9f1f0d8714e4bfa29697b39a47d8b0ca950fa785322d9dadbabf30a165510","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-11-27T02:37:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"c70be692ff8ff140708089149d77afbba70537f860633d81d25a178cb4428092"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1911.11922","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"00752c73b0eed25bccac5ebf67b16d437f6f0f2b895945279314d7806ac3e25d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"00752c73b0eed25bccac5ebf67b16d437f6f0f2b895945279314d7806ac3e25d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28.717039Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28.717039Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eBjoJyLoe2bv/+mlLc+PJiVNClt6Iq4Y2GGrba9jZ8oo8h0HkIBq9K889vwEo1kmebFQnC8cKjenLyftYzLhAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:22:28.717587Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1911.11922","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:494b0170ff898ab1d1d5c85bbf02a3b11659a9a1986c52fcb78117e57946f717","sha256:f7d6f56125592dbb66e7052b7699e1153c31d126dcb6742eb6a10cf7b8a93d00"],"state_sha256":"7fff597ed54e158cbeb21684373022dc4bc59e4ea685241835192e9e04311616"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fkXlV+7TYEThPzWNoLkkJ/83EPtIn5PDEu94ansD1zBm3DaUYjo553K8I9SxoFF3v06kDf0F3iPAcDm2zO3sDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T15:02:14.019638Z","bundle_sha256":"4bd41c06804aa7121d4e636ccd98f725b196bc1193bbe71e007c9f3c79ce4342"}}