{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2003:ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUBHW2RIYXAM5","short_pith_number":"pith:ADF27RCH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0301395","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-01-20T19:57:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"2e1e3a5541841c4d7f0c503153864d9d3a2b5ac059e62e3c9da83b9e4302dd51","abstract_canon_sha256":"fa35a29fc2c59cd092e8c382fee7607d5e45b3188ac89adf5ecedd4c516c9f9f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"00cbafc447afd50d9a813db51462e06769cbb55bae46dd38d400273cd86ed15c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0301395","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0301395","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0301395v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0301395","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ADF27RCHV7KQ","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUB","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ADF27RCH","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2003:ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUBHW2RIYXAM5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0301395","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-01-20T19:57:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"2e1e3a5541841c4d7f0c503153864d9d3a2b5ac059e62e3c9da83b9e4302dd51","abstract_canon_sha256":"fa35a29fc2c59cd092e8c382fee7607d5e45b3188ac89adf5ecedd4c516c9f9f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"00cbafc447afd50d9a813db51462e06769cbb55bae46dd38d400273cd86ed15c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35.051059Z","signature_b64":"T9JU7e+RNFqXpFVi015unDWE9HoL5Z1TP3ohcvk0p/4fIQiPjxGjSZtx7V3cMIMGInY2cI8mY5NonIWf3Rj6Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"00cbafc447afd50d9a813db51462e06769cbb55bae46dd38d400273cd86ed15c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35.050718Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35.050718Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0301395","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0aC8MjzRAQBrnSKkBluMqbWx6FsWFQOBUAwpEdfBbWtx87OhanIBuATftDSSdjwcrfNF49QKs+iMMoS42mwOBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T10:21:02.586997Z"},"content_sha256":"4c8f4b4ea3f642240b87d64fcb29382a7f57b18af9ebadc959bff21e958bb48b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4c8f4b4ea3f642240b87d64fcb29382a7f57b18af9ebadc959bff21e958bb48b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2003:ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUBHW2RIYXAM5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Conditions for Generating Scale-Invariant Density Perturbations","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Justin Khoury, Neil Turok, Paul J. Steinhardt, Steven Gratton","submitted_at":"2003-01-20T19:57:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"We analyze the general conditions on the equation of state $w$ required for quantum fluctuations of a scalar field to produce a scale-invariant spectrum of density perturbations, including models which (in the four dimensional effective description) bounce from a contracting to an expanding phase. We show that there are only two robust cases: $w\\approx -1$ (inflation) and $w \\gg 1$ (the ekpyrotic/cyclic scenario). All other cases, including the $w \\approx 0$ case considered by some authors, require extreme fine-tuning of initial conditions and/or the effective potential. For the ekpyrotic/cycl"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0301395","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0301395/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Qk2bu7dsv9uYilV30r+RC/4rBvWlLZyBzki28WAqKlTL/dONLPWbwjy6Upxn3FLOTCCf56Ls0NG7j9XVUKGHDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T10:21:02.587663Z"},"content_sha256":"5643010c007184d21e62f5dd0523db0a5c15ab218171e248c7ef350d38cde45f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5643010c007184d21e62f5dd0523db0a5c15ab218171e248c7ef350d38cde45f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUBHW2RIYXAM5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUBHW2RIYXAM5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUBHW2RIYXAM5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T10:21:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUBHW2RIYXAM5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUBHW2RIYXAM5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUBHW2RIYXAM5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUBHW2RIYXAM5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2003:ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUBHW2RIYXAM5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fa35a29fc2c59cd092e8c382fee7607d5e45b3188ac89adf5ecedd4c516c9f9f","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-01-20T19:57:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e1e3a5541841c4d7f0c503153864d9d3a2b5ac059e62e3c9da83b9e4302dd51"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0301395","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0301395","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0301395v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0301395","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ADF27RCHV7KQ","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ADF27RCHV7KQ3GUB","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ADF27RCH","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5643010c007184d21e62f5dd0523db0a5c15ab218171e248c7ef350d38cde45f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0301395/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We analyze the general conditions on the equation of state $w$ required for quantum fluctuations of a scalar field to produce a scale-invariant spectrum of density perturbations, including models which (in the four dimensional effective description) bounce from a contracting to an expanding phase. We show that there are only two robust cases: $w\\approx -1$ (inflation) and $w \\gg 1$ (the ekpyrotic/cyclic scenario). All other cases, including the $w \\approx 0$ case considered by some authors, require extreme fine-tuning of initial conditions and/or the effective potential. For the ekpyrotic/cycl","authors_text":"Justin Khoury, Neil Turok, Paul J. Steinhardt, Steven Gratton","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-01-20T19:57:38Z","title":"Conditions for Generating Scale-Invariant Density Perturbations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0301395","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4c8f4b4ea3f642240b87d64fcb29382a7f57b18af9ebadc959bff21e958bb48b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fa35a29fc2c59cd092e8c382fee7607d5e45b3188ac89adf5ecedd4c516c9f9f","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-01-20T19:57:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e1e3a5541841c4d7f0c503153864d9d3a2b5ac059e62e3c9da83b9e4302dd51"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0301395","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"00cbafc447afd50d9a813db51462e06769cbb55bae46dd38d400273cd86ed15c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"00cbafc447afd50d9a813db51462e06769cbb55bae46dd38d400273cd86ed15c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35.050718Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35.050718Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"T9JU7e+RNFqXpFVi015unDWE9HoL5Z1TP3ohcvk0p/4fIQiPjxGjSZtx7V3cMIMGInY2cI8mY5NonIWf3Rj6Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:49:35.051059Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0301395","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4c8f4b4ea3f642240b87d64fcb29382a7f57b18af9ebadc959bff21e958bb48b","sha256:5643010c007184d21e62f5dd0523db0a5c15ab218171e248c7ef350d38cde45f"],"state_sha256":"dff86bf2251536efaa2bbfa255204d9290114a9caecd1a8c84a698bb3646787a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OcVmBVpHheGTh9gxxZL7pX1sbLwNd8glWHx0EJSDiv+aaxvDsX3OtB61mlKfzhZt56cqg1Ezq3OSP5U1/AvIAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T10:21:02.593264Z","bundle_sha256":"b6fcf2407f73dfc932ae2d8972555f24a391f2d9de7a067b2e14af33df42dbe2"}}