{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:AEEA6KYI722BLUJL736EFNCWOX","short_pith_number":"pith:AEEA6KYI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.04007","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2016-02-12T10:37:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"50eb8744a5d76e2dcb0b0868f3b14b03cb312b07576579a09109cb5056b64088","abstract_canon_sha256":"abd81bf15b03f4c670ecf59ce078a8c6bb7e18e0909d6b8b3b2cce20fc992700"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"01080f2b08feb415d12bfefc42b45675d2238a1f4599139fd247bd7b52cf1c86","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1602.04007","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.04007","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.04007v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.04007","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AEEA6KYI722B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AEEA6KYI722BLUJL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AEEA6KYI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:AEEA6KYI722BLUJL736EFNCWOX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.04007","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2016-02-12T10:37:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"50eb8744a5d76e2dcb0b0868f3b14b03cb312b07576579a09109cb5056b64088","abstract_canon_sha256":"abd81bf15b03f4c670ecf59ce078a8c6bb7e18e0909d6b8b3b2cce20fc992700"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"01080f2b08feb415d12bfefc42b45675d2238a1f4599139fd247bd7b52cf1c86","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54.899800Z","signature_b64":"YevD4N2kd/ngn4pYaFofOI5PVm2xY3K7M/UzbF4P2RWu/aFOtWDHYwW2c91nNGBKctE9th3xoxWTJK1wEBdyAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"01080f2b08feb415d12bfefc42b45675d2238a1f4599139fd247bd7b52cf1c86","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54.899109Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54.899109Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1602.04007","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BjPAjqi0MWe7hRlA+Wpeq1351xwDUvGqLeQ8sTVY+ZIODuOv5ZZ5/BpNsryIFhLfPNe4iguD19wFri6LN/AOAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T12:41:42.840994Z"},"content_sha256":"0700d67a7562d12ef781b7900a15a4438217a74ea60c22d9c0d7917421b50c6f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0700d67a7562d12ef781b7900a15a4438217a74ea60c22d9c0d7917421b50c6f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:AEEA6KYI722BLUJL736EFNCWOX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Complete contracts through specification drivers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Alexandr Naumchev, Bertrand Meyer","submitted_at":"2016-02-12T10:37:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"Existing techniques of Design by Contract do not allow software developers to specify complete contracts in many cases. Incomplete contracts leave room for malicious implementations. This article complements Design by Contract with a simple yet powerful technique that removes the problem without adding syntactical mechanisms. The proposed technique makes it possible not only to derive complete contracts, but also to rigorously check and improve completeness of existing contracts without instrumenting them."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.04007","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u7JmyElpxaTqX7gjSr5u6pLjqYxVgA0r+Vr+cNVKkxUSSWNHNKP/3KDdOCyCvhWdo4yHPHKRa0KpYhdRoaUaCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T12:41:42.841353Z"},"content_sha256":"e3b32b2d5ab9d7d8f8cb780ec1b3e29ef70ba13d246d8d42392e4d67faf27399","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e3b32b2d5ab9d7d8f8cb780ec1b3e29ef70ba13d246d8d42392e4d67faf27399"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AEEA6KYI722BLUJL736EFNCWOX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AEEA6KYI722BLUJL736EFNCWOX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AEEA6KYI722BLUJL736EFNCWOX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T12:41:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AEEA6KYI722BLUJL736EFNCWOX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AEEA6KYI722BLUJL736EFNCWOX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AEEA6KYI722BLUJL736EFNCWOX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AEEA6KYI722BLUJL736EFNCWOX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:AEEA6KYI722BLUJL736EFNCWOX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"abd81bf15b03f4c670ecf59ce078a8c6bb7e18e0909d6b8b3b2cce20fc992700","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2016-02-12T10:37:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"50eb8744a5d76e2dcb0b0868f3b14b03cb312b07576579a09109cb5056b64088"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.04007","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.04007","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.04007v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.04007","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AEEA6KYI722B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AEEA6KYI722BLUJL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AEEA6KYI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e3b32b2d5ab9d7d8f8cb780ec1b3e29ef70ba13d246d8d42392e4d67faf27399","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Existing techniques of Design by Contract do not allow software developers to specify complete contracts in many cases. Incomplete contracts leave room for malicious implementations. This article complements Design by Contract with a simple yet powerful technique that removes the problem without adding syntactical mechanisms. The proposed technique makes it possible not only to derive complete contracts, but also to rigorously check and improve completeness of existing contracts without instrumenting them.","authors_text":"Alexandr Naumchev, Bertrand Meyer","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2016-02-12T10:37:10Z","title":"Complete contracts through specification drivers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.04007","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0700d67a7562d12ef781b7900a15a4438217a74ea60c22d9c0d7917421b50c6f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"abd81bf15b03f4c670ecf59ce078a8c6bb7e18e0909d6b8b3b2cce20fc992700","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2016-02-12T10:37:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"50eb8744a5d76e2dcb0b0868f3b14b03cb312b07576579a09109cb5056b64088"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.04007","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"01080f2b08feb415d12bfefc42b45675d2238a1f4599139fd247bd7b52cf1c86","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"01080f2b08feb415d12bfefc42b45675d2238a1f4599139fd247bd7b52cf1c86","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54.899109Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54.899109Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YevD4N2kd/ngn4pYaFofOI5PVm2xY3K7M/UzbF4P2RWu/aFOtWDHYwW2c91nNGBKctE9th3xoxWTJK1wEBdyAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:54.899800Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1602.04007","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0700d67a7562d12ef781b7900a15a4438217a74ea60c22d9c0d7917421b50c6f","sha256:e3b32b2d5ab9d7d8f8cb780ec1b3e29ef70ba13d246d8d42392e4d67faf27399"],"state_sha256":"851b1fb6ac6efcb27e8472a9ea619636c68bab68c6daa12107fa7daa9edddba8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s0rujW/N/OgAxY81fa+02UkAMRbWvF/A5wJ52azYIZqac16lEW6NU1zk2hNeky1TiEMxr7XysE+KAt6+65xyAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T12:41:42.843257Z","bundle_sha256":"bcd47a930007e8b866d91a292bf87161b1d30540c3fa9810bcd2d359a7158b3e"}}