{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSUJL2IMC5NHS","short_pith_number":"pith:AEWNPAAP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2005.11883","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2020-05-25T01:41:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"title_canon_sha256":"db2fecd2a63edb4829bc7a6c6d8473f8a5dc860a356ce588fbac5b52a7ef2461","abstract_canon_sha256":"50a57f82ff9a169315c277cc23a55e25f9e8dacda6def2230b5286aa92c52e05"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"012cd7800f2146af1e544af4860bad3cb7d54eb39e2513e6d83f90c7cdd6486f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2005.11883","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2005.11883","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2005.11883v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2005.11883","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AEWNPAAPEFDK","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSU","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AEWNPAAP","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSUJL2IMC5NHS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2005.11883","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2020-05-25T01:41:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"title_canon_sha256":"db2fecd2a63edb4829bc7a6c6d8473f8a5dc860a356ce588fbac5b52a7ef2461","abstract_canon_sha256":"50a57f82ff9a169315c277cc23a55e25f9e8dacda6def2230b5286aa92c52e05"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"012cd7800f2146af1e544af4860bad3cb7d54eb39e2513e6d83f90c7cdd6486f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44.828498Z","signature_b64":"dA4DbTLTQY/RadxusYriO0Vo7vuv8884HCSEmtmVR//x7Bh1lSXl+4R78nYmBp3590kS9qNKViTp/c2fJqPsDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"012cd7800f2146af1e544af4860bad3cb7d54eb39e2513e6d83f90c7cdd6486f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44.828131Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44.828131Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2005.11883","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"92BFtvitaJ+BEYm91+ew1eD9NGaC9TgvaO/jI4IWRwQwyCB8SBItNnRUJYNAw2haAi0u1qYFn/AsfvqYoR/aDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T02:53:09.176513Z"},"content_sha256":"d0b3e46fe81c4f8cfc288b9892b6384d3e2f701d202b8cfdd0ca6267f23deb66","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d0b3e46fe81c4f8cfc288b9892b6384d3e2f701d202b8cfdd0ca6267f23deb66"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSUJL2IMC5NHS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Population and spectral synthesis: it doesn't work without binaries","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Elizabeth R. Stanway, J.J. Eldridge","submitted_at":"2020-05-25T01:41:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this chapter we discuss the population and spectral synthesis of stellar populations. We describe the method required to achieve such synthesis and discuss examples where inclusion of interacting binaries are vital to reproducing the properties of observed stellar systems. These examples include the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, massive star number counts, core-collapse supernovae and the ionising radiation from stellar populations that power both nearby HII regions and the epoch of reionization. We finally offer some speculations on the future paths of research in spectral synthesis."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2005.11883","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2005.11883/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zJ04AvlswFlXPyZw/Yw9xD3VjkbrQi/mVdcjwW0ON0uwS82BsB+jWwMZDz1tllT5GS+mf2soXaLBbsJ1JVgJBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T02:53:09.177043Z"},"content_sha256":"6ceef3820609a834f670db50847c1fc529b0055c1543a4713ca0105855aeb2b4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6ceef3820609a834f670db50847c1fc529b0055c1543a4713ca0105855aeb2b4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSUJL2IMC5NHS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSUJL2IMC5NHS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSUJL2IMC5NHS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T02:53:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSUJL2IMC5NHS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSUJL2IMC5NHS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSUJL2IMC5NHS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSUJL2IMC5NHS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSUJL2IMC5NHS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50a57f82ff9a169315c277cc23a55e25f9e8dacda6def2230b5286aa92c52e05","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2020-05-25T01:41:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"db2fecd2a63edb4829bc7a6c6d8473f8a5dc860a356ce588fbac5b52a7ef2461"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2005.11883","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2005.11883","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2005.11883v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2005.11883","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AEWNPAAPEFDK","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AEWNPAAPEFDK6HSU","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AEWNPAAP","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6ceef3820609a834f670db50847c1fc529b0055c1543a4713ca0105855aeb2b4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2005.11883/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this chapter we discuss the population and spectral synthesis of stellar populations. We describe the method required to achieve such synthesis and discuss examples where inclusion of interacting binaries are vital to reproducing the properties of observed stellar systems. These examples include the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, massive star number counts, core-collapse supernovae and the ionising radiation from stellar populations that power both nearby HII regions and the epoch of reionization. We finally offer some speculations on the future paths of research in spectral synthesis.","authors_text":"Elizabeth R. Stanway, J.J. Eldridge","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2020-05-25T01:41:14Z","title":"Population and spectral synthesis: it doesn't work without binaries"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2005.11883","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d0b3e46fe81c4f8cfc288b9892b6384d3e2f701d202b8cfdd0ca6267f23deb66","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50a57f82ff9a169315c277cc23a55e25f9e8dacda6def2230b5286aa92c52e05","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2020-05-25T01:41:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"db2fecd2a63edb4829bc7a6c6d8473f8a5dc860a356ce588fbac5b52a7ef2461"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2005.11883","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"012cd7800f2146af1e544af4860bad3cb7d54eb39e2513e6d83f90c7cdd6486f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"012cd7800f2146af1e544af4860bad3cb7d54eb39e2513e6d83f90c7cdd6486f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44.828131Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44.828131Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dA4DbTLTQY/RadxusYriO0Vo7vuv8884HCSEmtmVR//x7Bh1lSXl+4R78nYmBp3590kS9qNKViTp/c2fJqPsDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:09:44.828498Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2005.11883","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d0b3e46fe81c4f8cfc288b9892b6384d3e2f701d202b8cfdd0ca6267f23deb66","sha256:6ceef3820609a834f670db50847c1fc529b0055c1543a4713ca0105855aeb2b4"],"state_sha256":"dafc37846696196a6deda6862a2009f18c783b36b5674b986120998c024f6b2b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"14rTdTouptVpj/Qi+Xyqr9caGvCP+MFlpdG0wbPof7heOohvdgSSqoxG2UXl+7cZHSMyi6mQc6qeXE9MLoXqAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T02:53:09.182048Z","bundle_sha256":"755efaf33f37113f450e8ced2cb208f4a4d177eb4024bc6fd4dee0a795244f2d"}}