{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYNAPJMDXDMKW","short_pith_number":"pith:AF5A2PJ7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.09580","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-20T08:13:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"178c915a4cd37a39136078a368219af4d763ab1374b5fc40773009e382f0c633","abstract_canon_sha256":"8671e243a4e76306f622a2e7d52420a060d9224eddc89edee47bd7c520724de8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"017a0d3d3fea1337cf0d03d2c1dc6c55ab304c202cd08053cb8ff70da1eca367","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2105.09580","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.09580","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.09580v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.09580","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AF5A2PJ75IJT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYN","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AF5A2PJ7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYNAPJMDXDMKW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.09580","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-20T08:13:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"178c915a4cd37a39136078a368219af4d763ab1374b5fc40773009e382f0c633","abstract_canon_sha256":"8671e243a4e76306f622a2e7d52420a060d9224eddc89edee47bd7c520724de8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"017a0d3d3fea1337cf0d03d2c1dc6c55ab304c202cd08053cb8ff70da1eca367","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14.541583Z","signature_b64":"7VnRl8O9OKxaPr4mtmq+bttkZrsE9StRDnRd7+CuyHINkz7GamUhS49z1/Vj0qwyg7ZkaNzInZ5iq/WeNH+iBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"017a0d3d3fea1337cf0d03d2c1dc6c55ab304c202cd08053cb8ff70da1eca367","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14.541186Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14.541186Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2105.09580","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hMlyqpDn5/ARlF/UVqrd0TmNpw/lB6o4/Bc1rBjU0XqivNYbikFi2wLwPWjVwU8vimCz3af7Oo9y8ZCuW214CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T23:14:04.790429Z"},"content_sha256":"e8bc030e8061aa5676bc9bafcae8831248a80eaab45c963c9974dcfbe28e5d8b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e8bc030e8061aa5676bc9bafcae8831248a80eaab45c963c9974dcfbe28e5d8b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYNAPJMDXDMKW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Negational Symmetry of Quantum Neural Networks for Binary Pattern Classification","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["quant-ph","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Eric Xing, Irina Voiculescu, Michael Kampffmeyer, Nanqing Dong","submitted_at":"2021-05-20T08:13:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Entanglement is a physical phenomenon, which has fueled recent successes of quantum algorithms. Although quantum neural networks (QNNs) have shown promising results in solving simple machine learning tasks recently, for the time being, the effect of entanglement in QNNs and the behavior of QNNs in binary pattern classification are still underexplored. In this work, we provide some theoretical insight into the properties of QNNs by presenting and analyzing a new form of invariance embedded in QNNs for both quantum binary classification and quantum representation learning, which we term negation"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.09580","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2105.09580/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9GZ89YxiC/nGgZQdC4CxcvEBLJsk1rtgyPaGKY2nDzNV40FIOKfhPeFQPPJdyrcDC5IHoKK4OfStn7jfU4WDBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T23:14:04.791064Z"},"content_sha256":"fb0f7f4a18d8f68e5227bcb21d611f386255f292646b544dd80c0fd9651cc502","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fb0f7f4a18d8f68e5227bcb21d611f386255f292646b544dd80c0fd9651cc502"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYNAPJMDXDMKW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYNAPJMDXDMKW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYNAPJMDXDMKW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-31T23:14:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYNAPJMDXDMKW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYNAPJMDXDMKW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYNAPJMDXDMKW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYNAPJMDXDMKW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYNAPJMDXDMKW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8671e243a4e76306f622a2e7d52420a060d9224eddc89edee47bd7c520724de8","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-20T08:13:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"178c915a4cd37a39136078a368219af4d763ab1374b5fc40773009e382f0c633"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.09580","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.09580","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.09580v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.09580","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AF5A2PJ75IJT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AF5A2PJ75IJTPTYN","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AF5A2PJ7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fb0f7f4a18d8f68e5227bcb21d611f386255f292646b544dd80c0fd9651cc502","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2105.09580/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Entanglement is a physical phenomenon, which has fueled recent successes of quantum algorithms. Although quantum neural networks (QNNs) have shown promising results in solving simple machine learning tasks recently, for the time being, the effect of entanglement in QNNs and the behavior of QNNs in binary pattern classification are still underexplored. In this work, we provide some theoretical insight into the properties of QNNs by presenting and analyzing a new form of invariance embedded in QNNs for both quantum binary classification and quantum representation learning, which we term negation","authors_text":"Eric Xing, Irina Voiculescu, Michael Kampffmeyer, Nanqing Dong","cross_cats":["quant-ph","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-20T08:13:38Z","title":"Negational Symmetry of Quantum Neural Networks for Binary Pattern Classification"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.09580","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e8bc030e8061aa5676bc9bafcae8831248a80eaab45c963c9974dcfbe28e5d8b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8671e243a4e76306f622a2e7d52420a060d9224eddc89edee47bd7c520724de8","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-20T08:13:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"178c915a4cd37a39136078a368219af4d763ab1374b5fc40773009e382f0c633"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.09580","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"017a0d3d3fea1337cf0d03d2c1dc6c55ab304c202cd08053cb8ff70da1eca367","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"017a0d3d3fea1337cf0d03d2c1dc6c55ab304c202cd08053cb8ff70da1eca367","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14.541186Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14.541186Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7VnRl8O9OKxaPr4mtmq+bttkZrsE9StRDnRd7+CuyHINkz7GamUhS49z1/Vj0qwyg7ZkaNzInZ5iq/WeNH+iBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:17:14.541583Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2105.09580","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e8bc030e8061aa5676bc9bafcae8831248a80eaab45c963c9974dcfbe28e5d8b","sha256:fb0f7f4a18d8f68e5227bcb21d611f386255f292646b544dd80c0fd9651cc502"],"state_sha256":"33c522bdf146181fb9735fcc7c723f317d33b258e78e71e84ab70e097c7d9c7f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AxSwVben6rSonjklFxvvYOm7/WcEAo4K2C1BO+Nl4deZzXg7DJ+MWiNe6fIAd947cEYCUH5woYcKf4geFmcdAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T23:14:04.799620Z","bundle_sha256":"7e0691b50813ad053a0366104197017f7821ec879d4db526a6471b590b12a4a4"}}