{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:AFW6SX2ETXDTOINKDHVEWQ4KBH","short_pith_number":"pith:AFW6SX2E","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.14354","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2022-03-27T17:32:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"title_canon_sha256":"536a09b0651d53fe0814369e63683021e86f6919c7f5a669f01bbe80d193b4c6","abstract_canon_sha256":"53c51f44ff3e8e6b05fcc92b9631f391ffd8cee718683e1e87be6cb2784bcb9a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"016de95f449dc73721aa19ea4b438a09c3b91b3e91fb593ee587196c424e6166","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2203.14354","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.14354","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.14354v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.14354","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AFW6SX2ETXDT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AFW6SX2ETXDTOINK","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AFW6SX2E","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:AFW6SX2ETXDTOINKDHVEWQ4KBH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.14354","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2022-03-27T17:32:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"title_canon_sha256":"536a09b0651d53fe0814369e63683021e86f6919c7f5a669f01bbe80d193b4c6","abstract_canon_sha256":"53c51f44ff3e8e6b05fcc92b9631f391ffd8cee718683e1e87be6cb2784bcb9a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"016de95f449dc73721aa19ea4b438a09c3b91b3e91fb593ee587196c424e6166","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07.915706Z","signature_b64":"qXV/QSWw75KuyWWHOtZMRAuLmAZLXZCy5+KU79i9kXn8OSOijGlHn5xSE1gYpkh7C4Ob+exs7txAl6cH+xlRCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"016de95f449dc73721aa19ea4b438a09c3b91b3e91fb593ee587196c424e6166","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07.915271Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07.915271Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2203.14354","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+T5gsj5jbjgdcARwiOOn8PBzgiHh13VG4RyNuuU2Sw0J9tA/E+DSJzSsdw5ttOwbSeg3C/Frjm1zUFCOWSGCDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T14:31:16.458665Z"},"content_sha256":"b9b0e3b73ab4ed4373e9482509fcc9073cd809811f2199af7b3c0fc92bb7540f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b9b0e3b73ab4ed4373e9482509fcc9073cd809811f2199af7b3c0fc92bb7540f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:AFW6SX2ETXDTOINKDHVEWQ4KBH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"GPU-based optical simulation of the DARWIN detector","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM"],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"A. Bismark, A. Brown, A. Chauvin, A. D. Ferella, A. L. Baxter, A. P. Colijn, A. Terliuk, B. Antunovi\\'c, B. von Krosigk, C. D. Tunnell, C. Ferrari, C. Findley, C. M. B. Monteiro, C. Wittweg, D. Bajpai, D. Baur, D. Ram\\'irez Garc\\'ia, E. Aprile, E. Masson, F. Girard, F. J\\\"org, F. Kuger, F. Lombardi, F. Semeria, F. T\\\"onnies, G. Volta, H. Fischer, H. Landsman, H. Simgen, I. Ostrovskiy, J. Dierle, J. J. Cuenca-Garc\\'ia, J. Loizeau, J. Masbou, J. Matias-Lopes, J. M. F. dos Santos, J. Qin, K. Eitel, K. Ni, K. Thieme, K. Valerius, L. Althueser, L. Baudis, L. Bellagamba, L. Grandi, L. Jones, L. M. Krauss, M. Doerenkamp, M. Galloway, M. Guida, M. Lindner, M. Murra, M. Pandurovic, M. Rajado Silva, M. Schumann, M. Selvi, M. Steidl, P. Di Gangi, P. Kavrigin, P.-L. Tan, P. Sanchez-Lucas, R. Biondi, R. Budnik, R. F. Lang, R. Glade-Beucke, R. Peres, R. Trotta, S. Diglio, S. Farrell, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, S. Li, S. Liang, S. Milutinovic, S. Vetter, T. Marrod\\'an Undagoitia, U. Oberlack, V. D'Andrea, W. Wang, Y. Biondi, Y. Xing","submitted_at":"2022-03-27T17:32:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Understanding propagation of scintillation light is critical for maximizing the discovery potential of next-generation liquid xenon detectors that use dual-phase time projection chamber technology. This work describes a detailed optical simulation of the DARWIN detector implemented using Chroma, a GPU-based photon tracking framework. To evaluate the framework and to explore ways of maximizing efficiency and minimizing the time of light collection, we simulate several variations of the conventional detector design. Results of these selected studies are presented. More generally, we conclude tha"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.14354","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2203.14354/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3cHzKep+EtXuMc0QIqd5i1dJizX6vAEVD/UM6/coPiP/LMnMZ1qX5KFzyB4ZxKEaZOi4Me3nJnXrFzNkQ506Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T14:31:16.459346Z"},"content_sha256":"22e0f635ff4d98a0e0d234a4e3d3a47cf6e4f2b93a9e985c0d98a10ac68b0562","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:22e0f635ff4d98a0e0d234a4e3d3a47cf6e4f2b93a9e985c0d98a10ac68b0562"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AFW6SX2ETXDTOINKDHVEWQ4KBH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AFW6SX2ETXDTOINKDHVEWQ4KBH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AFW6SX2ETXDTOINKDHVEWQ4KBH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T14:31:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AFW6SX2ETXDTOINKDHVEWQ4KBH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AFW6SX2ETXDTOINKDHVEWQ4KBH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AFW6SX2ETXDTOINKDHVEWQ4KBH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AFW6SX2ETXDTOINKDHVEWQ4KBH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:AFW6SX2ETXDTOINKDHVEWQ4KBH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"53c51f44ff3e8e6b05fcc92b9631f391ffd8cee718683e1e87be6cb2784bcb9a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2022-03-27T17:32:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"536a09b0651d53fe0814369e63683021e86f6919c7f5a669f01bbe80d193b4c6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.14354","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.14354","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.14354v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.14354","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AFW6SX2ETXDT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AFW6SX2ETXDTOINK","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AFW6SX2E","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:22e0f635ff4d98a0e0d234a4e3d3a47cf6e4f2b93a9e985c0d98a10ac68b0562","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2203.14354/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Understanding propagation of scintillation light is critical for maximizing the discovery potential of next-generation liquid xenon detectors that use dual-phase time projection chamber technology. This work describes a detailed optical simulation of the DARWIN detector implemented using Chroma, a GPU-based photon tracking framework. To evaluate the framework and to explore ways of maximizing efficiency and minimizing the time of light collection, we simulate several variations of the conventional detector design. Results of these selected studies are presented. More generally, we conclude tha","authors_text":"A. Bismark, A. Brown, A. Chauvin, A. D. Ferella, A. L. Baxter, A. P. Colijn, A. Terliuk, B. Antunovi\\'c, B. von Krosigk, C. D. Tunnell, C. Ferrari, C. Findley, C. M. B. Monteiro, C. Wittweg, D. Bajpai, D. Baur, D. Ram\\'irez Garc\\'ia, E. Aprile, E. Masson, F. Girard, F. J\\\"org, F. Kuger, F. Lombardi, F. Semeria, F. T\\\"onnies, G. Volta, H. Fischer, H. Landsman, H. Simgen, I. Ostrovskiy, J. Dierle, J. J. Cuenca-Garc\\'ia, J. Loizeau, J. Masbou, J. Matias-Lopes, J. M. F. dos Santos, J. Qin, K. Eitel, K. Ni, K. Thieme, K. Valerius, L. Althueser, L. Baudis, L. Bellagamba, L. Grandi, L. Jones, L. M. Krauss, M. Doerenkamp, M. Galloway, M. Guida, M. Lindner, M. Murra, M. Pandurovic, M. Rajado Silva, M. Schumann, M. Selvi, M. Steidl, P. Di Gangi, P. Kavrigin, P.-L. Tan, P. Sanchez-Lucas, R. Biondi, R. Budnik, R. F. Lang, R. Glade-Beucke, R. Peres, R. Trotta, S. Diglio, S. Farrell, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, S. Li, S. Liang, S. Milutinovic, S. Vetter, T. Marrod\\'an Undagoitia, U. Oberlack, V. D'Andrea, W. Wang, Y. Biondi, Y. Xing","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2022-03-27T17:32:25Z","title":"GPU-based optical simulation of the DARWIN detector"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.14354","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b9b0e3b73ab4ed4373e9482509fcc9073cd809811f2199af7b3c0fc92bb7540f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"53c51f44ff3e8e6b05fcc92b9631f391ffd8cee718683e1e87be6cb2784bcb9a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2022-03-27T17:32:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"536a09b0651d53fe0814369e63683021e86f6919c7f5a669f01bbe80d193b4c6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.14354","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"016de95f449dc73721aa19ea4b438a09c3b91b3e91fb593ee587196c424e6166","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"016de95f449dc73721aa19ea4b438a09c3b91b3e91fb593ee587196c424e6166","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07.915271Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07.915271Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qXV/QSWw75KuyWWHOtZMRAuLmAZLXZCy5+KU79i9kXn8OSOijGlHn5xSE1gYpkh7C4Ob+exs7txAl6cH+xlRCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:39:07.915706Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2203.14354","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b9b0e3b73ab4ed4373e9482509fcc9073cd809811f2199af7b3c0fc92bb7540f","sha256:22e0f635ff4d98a0e0d234a4e3d3a47cf6e4f2b93a9e985c0d98a10ac68b0562"],"state_sha256":"92c75c063e3ea3da1e2f9ade531c9a8529c036429de652301b065c99140377b8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yrBVWNfg6i19rDqcxeqLc0mnLZoqK/Glr9xtYYK+rzE7ullQypVUheEpgPSHlVlJN5k0T3RtkcC/A4uqi2Z6Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T14:31:16.463120Z","bundle_sha256":"4598381cc4a620d43698b8babcb64baccc3b6c1d4daf9e99ee56961fdb35bac1"}}