{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT65AKJ4ZDND","short_pith_number":"pith:AG6F5QFJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.NA","submitted_at":"2019-08-19T15:32:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NA","math.PR","q-bio.MN"],"title_canon_sha256":"a2dea78e21a4557f2be867c110fafdfd6cf41c9ef64af1f21f4656c064cc59b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"6398ee59cfdf0b961ea5b4fc568e65315db19d8cbb507a7b3e624c766865a4d4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"01bc5ec0a927a90c5a13f740a4f32368ec057d96021aa4121e3be557029d3bf5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.06880","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.06880v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AG6F5QFJE6UQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AG6F5QFJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT65AKJ4ZDND","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.NA","submitted_at":"2019-08-19T15:32:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NA","math.PR","q-bio.MN"],"title_canon_sha256":"a2dea78e21a4557f2be867c110fafdfd6cf41c9ef64af1f21f4656c064cc59b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"6398ee59cfdf0b961ea5b4fc568e65315db19d8cbb507a7b3e624c766865a4d4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"01bc5ec0a927a90c5a13f740a4f32368ec057d96021aa4121e3be557029d3bf5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35.779237Z","signature_b64":"OtP+7SBdJHntLrjpfXsq+Y069ydXRQKRr4eUzabHyVw/RjjX/L6JheHJo6Y+4rNQdLPBb4M1Rq9odWQSEzNaBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"01bc5ec0a927a90c5a13f740a4f32368ec057d96021aa4121e3be557029d3bf5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35.778805Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35.778805Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.06880","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iJSv1qWnoga5RAFfgUFVM+bWPoqVTnd2LRErLqN1XPreA4zxer9L+gjVmC/gncpaOX9Y/RkFSNAYAaj3e/wkDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T06:59:03.852329Z"},"content_sha256":"3a25150d3c958ac0229bfd1dd10a5776a368753f719e276d30ca45761e967080","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3a25150d3c958ac0229bfd1dd10a5776a368753f719e276d30ca45761e967080"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT65AKJ4ZDND","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Variance of finite difference methods for reaction networks with non-Lipschitz rate functions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NA","math.PR","q-bio.MN"],"primary_cat":"math.NA","authors_text":"Chaojie Yuan, David F. Anderson","submitted_at":"2019-08-19T15:32:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"Parametric sensitivity analysis is a critical component in the study of mathematical models of physical systems. Due to its simplicity, finite difference methods are used extensively for this analysis in the study of stochastically modeled reaction networks. Different coupling methods have been proposed to build finite difference estimators, with the \"split coupling,\" also termed the \"stacked coupling,\" yielding the lowest variance in the vast majority of cases. Analytical results related to this coupling are sparse, and include an analysis of the variance of the coupled processes under the as"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.06880/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bx74rfiQsgNWwprSPFvd8WE4YdCW1okxxFzbLkwXE0GNCOOc2fChZN/Vz+RBxFYOJUvpMSv8JeW254taURnBAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T06:59:03.852869Z"},"content_sha256":"e1befe6cb6181e8eff65473520302337f4e3ff5ec06c60262cfed43c650cc443","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e1befe6cb6181e8eff65473520302337f4e3ff5ec06c60262cfed43c650cc443"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT65AKJ4ZDND/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT65AKJ4ZDND/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT65AKJ4ZDND/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T06:59:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT65AKJ4ZDND","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT65AKJ4ZDND/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT65AKJ4ZDND/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT65AKJ4ZDND/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT65AKJ4ZDND","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6398ee59cfdf0b961ea5b4fc568e65315db19d8cbb507a7b3e624c766865a4d4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NA","math.PR","q-bio.MN"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.NA","submitted_at":"2019-08-19T15:32:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"a2dea78e21a4557f2be867c110fafdfd6cf41c9ef64af1f21f4656c064cc59b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.06880v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AG6F5QFJE6UQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AG6F5QFJE6UQYWQT","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AG6F5QFJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e1befe6cb6181e8eff65473520302337f4e3ff5ec06c60262cfed43c650cc443","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.06880/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Parametric sensitivity analysis is a critical component in the study of mathematical models of physical systems. Due to its simplicity, finite difference methods are used extensively for this analysis in the study of stochastically modeled reaction networks. Different coupling methods have been proposed to build finite difference estimators, with the \"split coupling,\" also termed the \"stacked coupling,\" yielding the lowest variance in the vast majority of cases. Analytical results related to this coupling are sparse, and include an analysis of the variance of the coupled processes under the as","authors_text":"Chaojie Yuan, David F. Anderson","cross_cats":["cs.NA","math.PR","q-bio.MN"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.NA","submitted_at":"2019-08-19T15:32:58Z","title":"Variance of finite difference methods for reaction networks with non-Lipschitz rate functions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3a25150d3c958ac0229bfd1dd10a5776a368753f719e276d30ca45761e967080","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6398ee59cfdf0b961ea5b4fc568e65315db19d8cbb507a7b3e624c766865a4d4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NA","math.PR","q-bio.MN"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.NA","submitted_at":"2019-08-19T15:32:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"a2dea78e21a4557f2be867c110fafdfd6cf41c9ef64af1f21f4656c064cc59b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"01bc5ec0a927a90c5a13f740a4f32368ec057d96021aa4121e3be557029d3bf5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"01bc5ec0a927a90c5a13f740a4f32368ec057d96021aa4121e3be557029d3bf5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35.778805Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35.778805Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OtP+7SBdJHntLrjpfXsq+Y069ydXRQKRr4eUzabHyVw/RjjX/L6JheHJo6Y+4rNQdLPBb4M1Rq9odWQSEzNaBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:35.779237Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.06880","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3a25150d3c958ac0229bfd1dd10a5776a368753f719e276d30ca45761e967080","sha256:e1befe6cb6181e8eff65473520302337f4e3ff5ec06c60262cfed43c650cc443"],"state_sha256":"b66f6c1924a46efc572ac2e9a80fadd83f29e27967d635d27d42a5547dfb2c09"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"paOflHlTetKMbtI0mlC4SSJazMbwHq8UexF/nhu8UjXfdLCKiNtWo76CFlqUwkZ88wVuhO3Hf6uQISCZs7sRDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T06:59:03.857834Z","bundle_sha256":"6918d8a869f32b1522cbf6644e74afe7d31d5d2ae1468b56478b2e8a5e9c3db0"}}