{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JHU76JDMGS27","short_pith_number":"pith:AHFLIYS3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.03928","kind":"arxiv","version":6},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-01-13T03:56:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"90fc62d6eea753d762509d89b80e3192721a9be56376df910a39994c4e3899a1","abstract_canon_sha256":"29aabfe121a048509adaf913d34489009ab2fbee796346933f3966fa7c2efd1a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"01cab4625b68c39df927a7fc91b0d2d7eebf52638eab9e3667bebb89e01623f4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1901.03928","version":6},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.03928","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.03928v6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.03928","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AHFLIYS3NDBZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JH","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AHFLIYS3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JHU76JDMGS27","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.03928","kind":"arxiv","version":6},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-01-13T03:56:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"90fc62d6eea753d762509d89b80e3192721a9be56376df910a39994c4e3899a1","abstract_canon_sha256":"29aabfe121a048509adaf913d34489009ab2fbee796346933f3966fa7c2efd1a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"01cab4625b68c39df927a7fc91b0d2d7eebf52638eab9e3667bebb89e01623f4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22.410963Z","signature_b64":"d5xC2XUMV1RaDqAlAm7NCAuRrGINEXBLPpCdCpIsxWRtqRcuH+xAm61OHUsxnlStG5pXYh1GIcpXKw0OE66QDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"01cab4625b68c39df927a7fc91b0d2d7eebf52638eab9e3667bebb89e01623f4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22.410434Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22.410434Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1901.03928","source_version":6,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OGW6E/PSCBMOEs7DnCPem9aHyJl9F0GDddlq6XYZlWcbGt5bPniZQl2qHGSJ7he5mH6Ji87tBVBXCOz4z2y8DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T01:48:54.064998Z"},"content_sha256":"1d69e6915819ddb30a5d8f9e37e57f2bd3e80dfec08015d44d6c5fd878667db6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1d69e6915819ddb30a5d8f9e37e57f2bd3e80dfec08015d44d6c5fd878667db6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JHU76JDMGS27","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Light Rays, Singularities, and All That","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Edward Witten","submitted_at":"2019-01-13T03:56:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"This article is an introduction to causal properties of General Relativity. Topics include the Raychaudhuri equation, singularity theorems of Penrose and Hawking, the black hole area theorem, topological censorship, and the Gao-Wald theorem. The article is based on lectures at the 2018 summer program Prospects in Theoretical Physics that was held at the IAS as well as the New Zealand Mathematical Research Institute summer school held in Nelson in January, 2020."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.03928","kind":"arxiv","version":6},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1901.03928/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dy/CndVZLrTt9UUaQrvgQYnssqKJXmvnRaylYrbnN5prjkDpF23BFUCWmAWhWcQ3sjHexqf6huZogntMaaZ5AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T01:48:54.065499Z"},"content_sha256":"18ecf63c32567ced4e6ca8f6a5f2c8bcf40f25f7b6f67fd74b32b0feda0c83e6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:18ecf63c32567ced4e6ca8f6a5f2c8bcf40f25f7b6f67fd74b32b0feda0c83e6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JHU76JDMGS27/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JHU76JDMGS27/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JHU76JDMGS27/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T01:48:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JHU76JDMGS27","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JHU76JDMGS27/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JHU76JDMGS27/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JHU76JDMGS27/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JHU76JDMGS27","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"29aabfe121a048509adaf913d34489009ab2fbee796346933f3966fa7c2efd1a","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-01-13T03:56:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"90fc62d6eea753d762509d89b80e3192721a9be56376df910a39994c4e3899a1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.03928","kind":"arxiv","version":6}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.03928","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.03928v6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.03928","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AHFLIYS3NDBZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AHFLIYS3NDBZ36JH","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AHFLIYS3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:18ecf63c32567ced4e6ca8f6a5f2c8bcf40f25f7b6f67fd74b32b0feda0c83e6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1901.03928/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This article is an introduction to causal properties of General Relativity. Topics include the Raychaudhuri equation, singularity theorems of Penrose and Hawking, the black hole area theorem, topological censorship, and the Gao-Wald theorem. The article is based on lectures at the 2018 summer program Prospects in Theoretical Physics that was held at the IAS as well as the New Zealand Mathematical Research Institute summer school held in Nelson in January, 2020.","authors_text":"Edward Witten","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-01-13T03:56:27Z","title":"Light Rays, Singularities, and All That"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.03928","kind":"arxiv","version":6},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1d69e6915819ddb30a5d8f9e37e57f2bd3e80dfec08015d44d6c5fd878667db6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"29aabfe121a048509adaf913d34489009ab2fbee796346933f3966fa7c2efd1a","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-01-13T03:56:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"90fc62d6eea753d762509d89b80e3192721a9be56376df910a39994c4e3899a1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.03928","kind":"arxiv","version":6}},"canonical_sha256":"01cab4625b68c39df927a7fc91b0d2d7eebf52638eab9e3667bebb89e01623f4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"01cab4625b68c39df927a7fc91b0d2d7eebf52638eab9e3667bebb89e01623f4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22.410434Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22.410434Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"d5xC2XUMV1RaDqAlAm7NCAuRrGINEXBLPpCdCpIsxWRtqRcuH+xAm61OHUsxnlStG5pXYh1GIcpXKw0OE66QDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:30:22.410963Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.03928","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":6}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1d69e6915819ddb30a5d8f9e37e57f2bd3e80dfec08015d44d6c5fd878667db6","sha256:18ecf63c32567ced4e6ca8f6a5f2c8bcf40f25f7b6f67fd74b32b0feda0c83e6"],"state_sha256":"b66451d194bccab81cac99dcdbb977caa9488cd6c692b5ffec6f20a75cc73dbf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bKgq9irdYfpRQei8162RMB3hTCs5Z0DglTjacK5tyt/i0pY+NI9hf6sWT0Ec0FJtQJfQfpDZy/QIn03IcJj9Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T01:48:54.069046Z","bundle_sha256":"139cfa28799897f63ebde6a3176daafd4e3cd04548b5f9ed9810ec0e81b2328d"}}