{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:AHJKZIYVKLCAFP5QEXM3G3VPGR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3c663ca5f00fab28925581c03d853f96825b834b105c0a77bde451f2761b9aca","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","q-bio.CB"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.QM","submitted_at":"2024-05-20T11:40:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"27efa12cf451df0aedc8e2cffb3649fc30baa908933c0ae9c63a163e55223b60"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.12258","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.12258","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.12258v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.12258","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AHJKZIYVKLCA","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AHJKZIYVKLCAFP5Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AHJKZIYV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ba30823d9d6af0e8f926949a51481b68486e5b68ad834c66679c35f98e5e1142","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2405.12258/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models LLMs have transformed AI and achieved breakthrough performance on a wide range of tasks In science the most interesting application of LLMs is for hypothesis formation A feature of LLMs which results from their probabilistic structure is that the output text is not necessarily a valid inference from the training text These are termed hallucinations and are harmful in many applications In science some hallucinations may be useful novel hypotheses whose validity may be tested by laboratory experiments Here we experimentally test the application of LLMs as a source of scient","authors_text":"Abbi Abdel-Rehim, Elizabeth Bourne, Emma Tate, Gareth W. Fearnley, Hector Zenil, Holly X. Smith, Larisa N. Soldatova, Marie Fisher, Oghenejokpeme Orhobor, Ross D. King, Ross J. Collins","cross_cats":["cs.LG","q-bio.CB"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.QM","submitted_at":"2024-05-20T11:40:23Z","title":"Scientific Hypothesis Generation by a Large Language Model: Laboratory Validation in Breast Cancer Treatment"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.12258","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3eeaa6ec71bdf37ac4369e36e9703b2e11c400beb2ef30c91cdf61c8108a95fe","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3c663ca5f00fab28925581c03d853f96825b834b105c0a77bde451f2761b9aca","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","q-bio.CB"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.QM","submitted_at":"2024-05-20T11:40:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"27efa12cf451df0aedc8e2cffb3649fc30baa908933c0ae9c63a163e55223b60"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.12258","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"01d2aca31552c402bfb025d9b36eaf3462a697b1256ae218631f4611da900d4d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"01d2aca31552c402bfb025d9b36eaf3462a697b1256ae218631f4611da900d4d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:58.438594Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:58.438594Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"o7BqVog6/Mv6SEtMdzIwb/ixwYYiMpukkf70pLhssuDYRt+b91s/McxBmAtpswMRZRN0DNA3Qw7mnO6Q24/CBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:58.439122Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2405.12258","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3eeaa6ec71bdf37ac4369e36e9703b2e11c400beb2ef30c91cdf61c8108a95fe","sha256:ba30823d9d6af0e8f926949a51481b68486e5b68ad834c66679c35f98e5e1142"],"state_sha256":"e2a04187a83b125f935f91e10d967ca76769ad52c3523c81f8ea7e212d9ebc0b"}