{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMKU5JQ2RL55I","short_pith_number":"pith:AIW6LGZ3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.16057","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-03-30T04:02:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"63b5ed7f2506f87ef136fbed77cf09f0e40093f58c976ebe921e93caa2e69960","abstract_canon_sha256":"04c9faf67e0553140a84558aecf85b2d17cf6536707e9e8b345d071ea41c92da"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"022de59b3b702f84c18aa7530d457dea0181025694e3cbddcc51804db16b2553","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2103.16057","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.16057","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.16057v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.16057","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AIW6LGZ3OAXY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AIW6LGZ3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMKU5JQ2RL55I","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.16057","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-03-30T04:02:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"63b5ed7f2506f87ef136fbed77cf09f0e40093f58c976ebe921e93caa2e69960","abstract_canon_sha256":"04c9faf67e0553140a84558aecf85b2d17cf6536707e9e8b345d071ea41c92da"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"022de59b3b702f84c18aa7530d457dea0181025694e3cbddcc51804db16b2553","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56.792233Z","signature_b64":"/aNacOZPKIWfloLcRsWqeTZtCO2fdkJza5AgP66s3jD9XzVFJM4Zqs/4x068Uh2kIUWZhAlZoGKN5ebilVJbAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"022de59b3b702f84c18aa7530d457dea0181025694e3cbddcc51804db16b2553","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56.791813Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56.791813Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2103.16057","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PMfms0r1XG9niz/vWpAZnZkIbfXAbMPx3+Hy8PxiAk6koG/nPG0mB5GtHiEMFUo8q62TjrPz9QONkcpEjy4DBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T10:14:13.514374Z"},"content_sha256":"365a90e5f1939bc7b13f47ac4c546ff89b4b19e7018721656dd59641f759d548","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:365a90e5f1939bc7b13f47ac4c546ff89b4b19e7018721656dd59641f759d548"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMKU5JQ2RL55I","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Grounding Open-Domain Instructions to Automate Web Support Tasks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Giovanni Campagna, James Landay, Larry Heck, Michael Du, Monica S Lam, Nancy Xu, Sam Masling","submitted_at":"2021-03-30T04:02:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Grounding natural language instructions on the web to perform previously unseen tasks enables accessibility and automation. We introduce a task and dataset to train AI agents from open-domain, step-by-step instructions originally written for people. We build RUSS (Rapid Universal Support Service) to tackle this problem. RUSS consists of two models: First, a BERT-LSTM with pointers parses instructions to ThingTalk, a domain-specific language we design for grounding natural language on the web. Then, a grounding model retrieves the unique IDs of any webpage elements requested in ThingTalk. RUSS "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.16057","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2103.16057/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lW3GvJpXe8K/eRrtNvPQmpudIYvtx/q0lwcndMQxfQHUOOA+cKTHCqRU2+9laD2CDmz1SgV4DSho56wG3QrPAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T10:14:13.514924Z"},"content_sha256":"401280cc22142976523a7a46af9c1bad85a95c902628c0559e853a848620cb0f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:401280cc22142976523a7a46af9c1bad85a95c902628c0559e853a848620cb0f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMKU5JQ2RL55I/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMKU5JQ2RL55I/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMKU5JQ2RL55I/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T10:14:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMKU5JQ2RL55I","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMKU5JQ2RL55I/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMKU5JQ2RL55I/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMKU5JQ2RL55I/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMKU5JQ2RL55I","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"04c9faf67e0553140a84558aecf85b2d17cf6536707e9e8b345d071ea41c92da","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-03-30T04:02:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"63b5ed7f2506f87ef136fbed77cf09f0e40093f58c976ebe921e93caa2e69960"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.16057","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.16057","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.16057v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.16057","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AIW6LGZ3OAXY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AIW6LGZ3OAXYJQMK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AIW6LGZ3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:401280cc22142976523a7a46af9c1bad85a95c902628c0559e853a848620cb0f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2103.16057/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Grounding natural language instructions on the web to perform previously unseen tasks enables accessibility and automation. We introduce a task and dataset to train AI agents from open-domain, step-by-step instructions originally written for people. We build RUSS (Rapid Universal Support Service) to tackle this problem. RUSS consists of two models: First, a BERT-LSTM with pointers parses instructions to ThingTalk, a domain-specific language we design for grounding natural language on the web. Then, a grounding model retrieves the unique IDs of any webpage elements requested in ThingTalk. RUSS ","authors_text":"Giovanni Campagna, James Landay, Larry Heck, Michael Du, Monica S Lam, Nancy Xu, Sam Masling","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-03-30T04:02:34Z","title":"Grounding Open-Domain Instructions to Automate Web Support Tasks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.16057","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:365a90e5f1939bc7b13f47ac4c546ff89b4b19e7018721656dd59641f759d548","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"04c9faf67e0553140a84558aecf85b2d17cf6536707e9e8b345d071ea41c92da","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-03-30T04:02:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"63b5ed7f2506f87ef136fbed77cf09f0e40093f58c976ebe921e93caa2e69960"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.16057","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"022de59b3b702f84c18aa7530d457dea0181025694e3cbddcc51804db16b2553","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"022de59b3b702f84c18aa7530d457dea0181025694e3cbddcc51804db16b2553","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56.791813Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56.791813Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/aNacOZPKIWfloLcRsWqeTZtCO2fdkJza5AgP66s3jD9XzVFJM4Zqs/4x068Uh2kIUWZhAlZoGKN5ebilVJbAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:28:56.792233Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2103.16057","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:365a90e5f1939bc7b13f47ac4c546ff89b4b19e7018721656dd59641f759d548","sha256:401280cc22142976523a7a46af9c1bad85a95c902628c0559e853a848620cb0f"],"state_sha256":"cd6ec7f57277a8ca2286b6a67edd8e470b2693fb724cbec9be269ca05817a3cb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/NzS6Pal/kimaRt1dcDgbPoss7lCLwKdX987usyUCzXCNwjPQKtiMmS+dwaK52uPEDlzU18VMLf0NIafqLeTAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T10:14:13.519955Z","bundle_sha256":"cdd38f521de8e43d98b58b6c62fbb1d7c1f523c2cc2580be898ca227c49966a9"}}