{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6MIT5JEM45IA","short_pith_number":"pith:AJ3NP7DF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.08145","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2019-01-23T22:03:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b157c3e228769372e1b2dd30e2925716724536cadfac7575223d9d4611514364","abstract_canon_sha256":"432a713ffe0031e22507088ee3cfced8a86f774370388e4731bfd948cdad4026"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0276d7fc655cb49ddfcc44fa92339d4000790df65fec8520024cdc08096a5e93","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1901.08145","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.08145","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.08145v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.08145","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AJ3NP7DFLS2J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AJ3NP7DF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6MIT5JEM45IA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.08145","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2019-01-23T22:03:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b157c3e228769372e1b2dd30e2925716724536cadfac7575223d9d4611514364","abstract_canon_sha256":"432a713ffe0031e22507088ee3cfced8a86f774370388e4731bfd948cdad4026"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0276d7fc655cb49ddfcc44fa92339d4000790df65fec8520024cdc08096a5e93","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24.486060Z","signature_b64":"h/OIcUZpHH6LpiWPX8TMl9YtLSKMJhQtVEiKnX9OeRLiB6EwMrCHkaguQ+9V267z+0IY5puWCWoRBqjVUeOTCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0276d7fc655cb49ddfcc44fa92339d4000790df65fec8520024cdc08096a5e93","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24.485396Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24.485396Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1901.08145","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iupJFOXNAYkpbqWaUguGe3B6OnMQOw2tX8iNc8NmfdhjU7mG6fam8uyF+gxmzxsp4b8Lw8y1dUnx8GROlkCEBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T04:23:15.659418Z"},"content_sha256":"f01060505242adda802162d88642282dc2920147d75bccc6055a821c6e8f72e1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f01060505242adda802162d88642282dc2920147d75bccc6055a821c6e8f72e1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6MIT5JEM45IA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Gauge-free electromagnetic gyrokinetic theory","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"A. J. Brizard, J. W. Burby","submitted_at":"2019-01-23T22:03:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"A new gauge-free electromagnetic gyrokinetic theory is developed, in which the gyrocenter equations of motion and the gyrocenter phase-space transformation are expressed in terms of the perturbed electromagnetic fields, instead of the usual perturbed potentials. Gyrocenter polarization and magnetization are derived explicitly from the gyrocenter Hamiltonian, up to first order in the gyrocenter perturbation expansion. Expressions for the sources in Maxwell's equations are derived in a form that is suitable for simulation studies, as well as kinetic-gyrokinetic hybrid modeling."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.08145","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AHjzvMCl+KATWyfvb8IjiYE18xTN/qvStAaTNwVcevHVeNB+sPdJOspmjf+yKPdq1KZ4yYkSDxelMe7/dRhhAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T04:23:15.660087Z"},"content_sha256":"d640cb80a5685f4889542f70855fdb433fb37547ed5dba09ac336c10ac5da8cc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d640cb80a5685f4889542f70855fdb433fb37547ed5dba09ac336c10ac5da8cc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6MIT5JEM45IA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6MIT5JEM45IA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6MIT5JEM45IA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T04:23:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6MIT5JEM45IA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6MIT5JEM45IA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6MIT5JEM45IA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6MIT5JEM45IA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6MIT5JEM45IA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"432a713ffe0031e22507088ee3cfced8a86f774370388e4731bfd948cdad4026","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2019-01-23T22:03:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"b157c3e228769372e1b2dd30e2925716724536cadfac7575223d9d4611514364"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.08145","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.08145","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.08145v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.08145","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AJ3NP7DFLS2J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AJ3NP7DFLS2J3X6M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AJ3NP7DF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d640cb80a5685f4889542f70855fdb433fb37547ed5dba09ac336c10ac5da8cc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A new gauge-free electromagnetic gyrokinetic theory is developed, in which the gyrocenter equations of motion and the gyrocenter phase-space transformation are expressed in terms of the perturbed electromagnetic fields, instead of the usual perturbed potentials. Gyrocenter polarization and magnetization are derived explicitly from the gyrocenter Hamiltonian, up to first order in the gyrocenter perturbation expansion. Expressions for the sources in Maxwell's equations are derived in a form that is suitable for simulation studies, as well as kinetic-gyrokinetic hybrid modeling.","authors_text":"A. J. Brizard, J. W. Burby","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2019-01-23T22:03:13Z","title":"Gauge-free electromagnetic gyrokinetic theory"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.08145","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f01060505242adda802162d88642282dc2920147d75bccc6055a821c6e8f72e1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"432a713ffe0031e22507088ee3cfced8a86f774370388e4731bfd948cdad4026","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2019-01-23T22:03:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"b157c3e228769372e1b2dd30e2925716724536cadfac7575223d9d4611514364"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.08145","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0276d7fc655cb49ddfcc44fa92339d4000790df65fec8520024cdc08096a5e93","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0276d7fc655cb49ddfcc44fa92339d4000790df65fec8520024cdc08096a5e93","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24.485396Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24.485396Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h/OIcUZpHH6LpiWPX8TMl9YtLSKMJhQtVEiKnX9OeRLiB6EwMrCHkaguQ+9V267z+0IY5puWCWoRBqjVUeOTCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:24.486060Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.08145","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f01060505242adda802162d88642282dc2920147d75bccc6055a821c6e8f72e1","sha256:d640cb80a5685f4889542f70855fdb433fb37547ed5dba09ac336c10ac5da8cc"],"state_sha256":"c685e8093f177e7e6e86e0eb8a01990d75f26bf8bd71c35fa771340538abc47e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wHW+RSy0TxofNcNwA1tHib2bBkfTweLUFBCV2pMdXfp9lCVH8GZBj/iTo50UTCW/3Jf4r6XZ+eKPAfZOLvB2Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T04:23:15.664068Z","bundle_sha256":"f72f58b9e1890cd3d80ecab471d70cc4e85684b741fb50ab0e9d4a1378e0b54b"}}