{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:AJV6BNRPARRWL7JWUJZZMAO2LA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8a27b2e3a9a72f4f5e6814eb1441e4b343b8df136458033f77f2f0cef92889e9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2013-11-29T08:47:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"dce698a79c27a4ffa8b437027545080ef066e60917eb353c55400864d4555c4d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1311.7485","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1311.7485","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1311.7485v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1311.7485","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AJV6BNRPARRW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AJV6BNRPARRWL7JW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AJV6BNRP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5c9125e64750709ce64c87b9d6d33280a41fe3219a2ed5ef2ee2e59a30029624","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"It is generally believed that bias is minimized in well-controlled randomized clinical trials. However, bias can arise in active controlled noninferiority trials because the inference relies on a previously estimated effect size obtained from a historical trial that may have been conducted for a different population. By implementing a likelihood reweighting method through propensity scoring, a study designed to estimate a treatment effect in one trial population can be used to estimate the treatment effect size in a different target population. We illustrate this method in active controlled no","authors_text":"Daniel Rubin, Jianxiong Chu, Lei Nie, Zhiwei Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2013-11-29T08:47:45Z","title":"Likelihood reweighting methods to reduce potential bias in noninferiority trials which rely on historical data to make inference"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.7485","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:62c9c87c6e1d2b738683914b21fdc0bb83847c16326505316b85138dd89b3e95","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8a27b2e3a9a72f4f5e6814eb1441e4b343b8df136458033f77f2f0cef92889e9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2013-11-29T08:47:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"dce698a79c27a4ffa8b437027545080ef066e60917eb353c55400864d4555c4d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1311.7485","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"026be0b62f046365fd36a2739601da5813ff2ee901d7399afac273c9841a2bf2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"026be0b62f046365fd36a2739601da5813ff2ee901d7399afac273c9841a2bf2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:56.075577Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:56.075577Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ciD6XfLWO/9WZ8gIfmz6gY3dG+SAPHopX228bfJVZUgpwKBP/bFpGWgBwLaNLggtcTYXe8/2WRpvfuegoscSAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:56.076228Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1311.7485","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:62c9c87c6e1d2b738683914b21fdc0bb83847c16326505316b85138dd89b3e95","sha256:5c9125e64750709ce64c87b9d6d33280a41fe3219a2ed5ef2ee2e59a30029624"],"state_sha256":"43f81159255514027acb40c3df0fa994ef4dc4fd9c8b8e8198a6d6182cbbd980"}