{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:AK36KCNFXAEYWKYBBJ2TYPI7AJ","short_pith_number":"pith:AK36KCNF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.12194","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-09-24T21:01:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"db1309ddbabad0672ae48961631a6bfcce31e292d18a8af1f7d85aa54ec4dfbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"3f71c87b1a6cc92fbbf7558c1207c4ef1ab6c2d2bb58c888b3eb78d65ca408d2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"02b7e509a5b8098b2b010a753c3d1f0250cab713252341e301cdc8addc782598","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2109.12194","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.12194","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.12194v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.12194","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AK36KCNFXAEY","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AK36KCNFXAEYWKYB","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AK36KCNF","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:AK36KCNFXAEYWKYBBJ2TYPI7AJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.12194","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-09-24T21:01:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"db1309ddbabad0672ae48961631a6bfcce31e292d18a8af1f7d85aa54ec4dfbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"3f71c87b1a6cc92fbbf7558c1207c4ef1ab6c2d2bb58c888b3eb78d65ca408d2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"02b7e509a5b8098b2b010a753c3d1f0250cab713252341e301cdc8addc782598","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30.207761Z","signature_b64":"d3xitwUPAWyIIbOW6RvE8XrJgr62GyprAlTtWFcM5g9vcKKqiTuvE4QZ93ssOVqcabqTFULzcmuGJSsxz+RODA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"02b7e509a5b8098b2b010a753c3d1f0250cab713252341e301cdc8addc782598","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30.207359Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30.207359Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2109.12194","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2ROcuwuuJlqltmxdzp3RzRMz3yw2IYT+Y1akhaBL/Gb79LOVO5WFCFOK4+Emcx+w9Oyy+Lk0bt7LP0AOZXumCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:06:06.103986Z"},"content_sha256":"326f17f4fff35dce07e1dcdd0c4788701f4490f00928680464c3389df980cf4c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:326f17f4fff35dce07e1dcdd0c4788701f4490f00928680464c3389df980cf4c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:AK36KCNFXAEYWKYBBJ2TYPI7AJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Universal Payment Channels: An Interoperability Platform for Digital Currencies","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Arjuna Wijeyekoon, Cuy Sheffield, David Kreissman, Erin English, Mahdi Zamani, Mihai Christodorescu, Mohsen Minaei, Ranjit Kumaresan, Srinivasan Raghuraman, Wanyun Catherine Gu","submitted_at":"2021-09-24T21:01:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"With the innovation of distributed ledger technology (DLT), often known as blockchain technology, there has been significant growth of digital tokens in the form of cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and central bank digital currencies. As the number of DLT networks increases, each with varying design characteristics, the likelihood that transacting parties are on the same network decreases. Thus, it is crucial to facilitate payments that are universal across networks, scalable to massive loads, and highly available. We envision a future payment network that may be built on top of DLT networks wit"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.12194","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2109.12194/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3qD8bvhdn8PU9rUdR8842WZPc0YKSfFG52XLBEvU9ZenuK5aAgnldRtUuXb8K5grbcZ5LB/Jv9Q2oSJsgwJzDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:06:06.104525Z"},"content_sha256":"eb96841dee630bab165ee0367510efef9ca815ae651c42588499d48b1bd71fc4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eb96841dee630bab165ee0367510efef9ca815ae651c42588499d48b1bd71fc4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AK36KCNFXAEYWKYBBJ2TYPI7AJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AK36KCNFXAEYWKYBBJ2TYPI7AJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AK36KCNFXAEYWKYBBJ2TYPI7AJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T00:06:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AK36KCNFXAEYWKYBBJ2TYPI7AJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AK36KCNFXAEYWKYBBJ2TYPI7AJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AK36KCNFXAEYWKYBBJ2TYPI7AJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AK36KCNFXAEYWKYBBJ2TYPI7AJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:AK36KCNFXAEYWKYBBJ2TYPI7AJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3f71c87b1a6cc92fbbf7558c1207c4ef1ab6c2d2bb58c888b3eb78d65ca408d2","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-09-24T21:01:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"db1309ddbabad0672ae48961631a6bfcce31e292d18a8af1f7d85aa54ec4dfbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.12194","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.12194","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.12194v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.12194","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AK36KCNFXAEY","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AK36KCNFXAEYWKYB","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AK36KCNF","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:eb96841dee630bab165ee0367510efef9ca815ae651c42588499d48b1bd71fc4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2109.12194/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"With the innovation of distributed ledger technology (DLT), often known as blockchain technology, there has been significant growth of digital tokens in the form of cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and central bank digital currencies. As the number of DLT networks increases, each with varying design characteristics, the likelihood that transacting parties are on the same network decreases. Thus, it is crucial to facilitate payments that are universal across networks, scalable to massive loads, and highly available. We envision a future payment network that may be built on top of DLT networks wit","authors_text":"Arjuna Wijeyekoon, Cuy Sheffield, David Kreissman, Erin English, Mahdi Zamani, Mihai Christodorescu, Mohsen Minaei, Ranjit Kumaresan, Srinivasan Raghuraman, Wanyun Catherine Gu","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-09-24T21:01:01Z","title":"Universal Payment Channels: An Interoperability Platform for Digital Currencies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.12194","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:326f17f4fff35dce07e1dcdd0c4788701f4490f00928680464c3389df980cf4c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3f71c87b1a6cc92fbbf7558c1207c4ef1ab6c2d2bb58c888b3eb78d65ca408d2","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-09-24T21:01:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"db1309ddbabad0672ae48961631a6bfcce31e292d18a8af1f7d85aa54ec4dfbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.12194","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"02b7e509a5b8098b2b010a753c3d1f0250cab713252341e301cdc8addc782598","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"02b7e509a5b8098b2b010a753c3d1f0250cab713252341e301cdc8addc782598","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30.207359Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30.207359Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"d3xitwUPAWyIIbOW6RvE8XrJgr62GyprAlTtWFcM5g9vcKKqiTuvE4QZ93ssOVqcabqTFULzcmuGJSsxz+RODA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:30.207761Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2109.12194","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:326f17f4fff35dce07e1dcdd0c4788701f4490f00928680464c3389df980cf4c","sha256:eb96841dee630bab165ee0367510efef9ca815ae651c42588499d48b1bd71fc4"],"state_sha256":"3328362cbdfc5df999a8dad60fc42bcce2954b3e018a663efcadbf75bbbea6a1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hc68a+4QYT1DIQywSM3YGTnBmps8doUjjURSKuJE7cGjzjj/s+DvatQcjyNN7SFy/LAkfRB4+2vhDGHYzJLvBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:06:06.107802Z","bundle_sha256":"8db4cfa37ea5c93456bd2063ce6502cc0c3dea6f43d90c60c0e332daa34934b0"}}