{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWFRKXZKYAKR4","short_pith_number":"pith:AO3DHSDZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2022-02-07T00:09:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.LG","cs.LO","stat.ME"],"title_canon_sha256":"174da0624056be0624a4efb7e0c4b029c355d8fcc15ef9bf97ae28c77252d535","abstract_canon_sha256":"3fc45e8cc1d1245cdae2892e19abaff83282c1e1ab6ccdb47249689670870879"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"03b633c87925760a96c58aaf95600a8f38076a08efc01db3ee63b2f28fb2443b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2202.02891","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.02891","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.02891v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.02891","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AO3DHSDZEV3A","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWF","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AO3DHSDZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWFRKXZKYAKR4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2022-02-07T00:09:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.LG","cs.LO","stat.ME"],"title_canon_sha256":"174da0624056be0624a4efb7e0c4b029c355d8fcc15ef9bf97ae28c77252d535","abstract_canon_sha256":"3fc45e8cc1d1245cdae2892e19abaff83282c1e1ab6ccdb47249689670870879"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"03b633c87925760a96c58aaf95600a8f38076a08efc01db3ee63b2f28fb2443b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33.865563Z","signature_b64":"UkMEdWbPiPb5Nb1ZI8v/K+RQ+RzgxsHhf5CjzwCDQhr/rA2jggZBj2+evlYF8TeKik6d+x2sd9UfRW4/8O3+AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"03b633c87925760a96c58aaf95600a8f38076a08efc01db3ee63b2f28fb2443b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33.865125Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33.865125Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2202.02891","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"d75VyTHh1pDQHf3TI4WIaytDeh4/PScTk0dP7F0sbB2T5NYz/DsUcu+0wky40/apCRYNjnyjUOyUi/SYbq7NCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T17:39:38.038530Z"},"content_sha256":"b17f091a3166155bea36f4f6b6ac39bc61f548573cbe8bd5a7922a146ea7bb01","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b17f091a3166155bea36f4f6b6ac39bc61f548573cbe8bd5a7922a146ea7bb01"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWFRKXZKYAKR4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Causal Inference Using Tractable Circuits","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CC","cs.LG","cs.LO","stat.ME"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Adnan Darwiche","submitted_at":"2022-02-07T00:09:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"The aim of this paper is to discuss a recent result which shows that probabilistic inference in the presence of (unknown) causal mechanisms can be tractable for models that have traditionally been viewed as intractable. This result was reported recently to facilitate model-based supervised learning but it can be interpreted in a causality context as follows. One can compile a non-parametric causal graph into an arithmetic circuit that supports inference in time linear in the circuit size. The circuit is also non-parametric so it can be used to estimate parameters from data and to further reaso"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2202.02891/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SqR3m/f5LunMB8dFMA4Vreld+kfrEzgZPd7foSJFC98ASJePB87dekqm/EnGdK7fNbKVZ5zogUPUF7IKyCS2Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T17:39:38.039039Z"},"content_sha256":"6ab11c4f2fc015ac1e7d670ed550fdad60de11dd1063d3f1ff9131ea76399cfb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6ab11c4f2fc015ac1e7d670ed550fdad60de11dd1063d3f1ff9131ea76399cfb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWFRKXZKYAKR4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWFRKXZKYAKR4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWFRKXZKYAKR4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T17:39:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWFRKXZKYAKR4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWFRKXZKYAKR4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWFRKXZKYAKR4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWFRKXZKYAKR4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWFRKXZKYAKR4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3fc45e8cc1d1245cdae2892e19abaff83282c1e1ab6ccdb47249689670870879","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.LG","cs.LO","stat.ME"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2022-02-07T00:09:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"174da0624056be0624a4efb7e0c4b029c355d8fcc15ef9bf97ae28c77252d535"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.02891","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.02891v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.02891","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AO3DHSDZEV3A","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AO3DHSDZEV3AVFWF","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AO3DHSDZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6ab11c4f2fc015ac1e7d670ed550fdad60de11dd1063d3f1ff9131ea76399cfb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2202.02891/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The aim of this paper is to discuss a recent result which shows that probabilistic inference in the presence of (unknown) causal mechanisms can be tractable for models that have traditionally been viewed as intractable. This result was reported recently to facilitate model-based supervised learning but it can be interpreted in a causality context as follows. One can compile a non-parametric causal graph into an arithmetic circuit that supports inference in time linear in the circuit size. The circuit is also non-parametric so it can be used to estimate parameters from data and to further reaso","authors_text":"Adnan Darwiche","cross_cats":["cs.CC","cs.LG","cs.LO","stat.ME"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2022-02-07T00:09:39Z","title":"Causal Inference Using Tractable Circuits"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b17f091a3166155bea36f4f6b6ac39bc61f548573cbe8bd5a7922a146ea7bb01","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3fc45e8cc1d1245cdae2892e19abaff83282c1e1ab6ccdb47249689670870879","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.LG","cs.LO","stat.ME"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2022-02-07T00:09:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"174da0624056be0624a4efb7e0c4b029c355d8fcc15ef9bf97ae28c77252d535"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"03b633c87925760a96c58aaf95600a8f38076a08efc01db3ee63b2f28fb2443b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"03b633c87925760a96c58aaf95600a8f38076a08efc01db3ee63b2f28fb2443b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33.865125Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33.865125Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UkMEdWbPiPb5Nb1ZI8v/K+RQ+RzgxsHhf5CjzwCDQhr/rA2jggZBj2+evlYF8TeKik6d+x2sd9UfRW4/8O3+AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:54:33.865563Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2202.02891","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b17f091a3166155bea36f4f6b6ac39bc61f548573cbe8bd5a7922a146ea7bb01","sha256:6ab11c4f2fc015ac1e7d670ed550fdad60de11dd1063d3f1ff9131ea76399cfb"],"state_sha256":"13d42c5642c16d395c98908acab58732965da7db9de56b1a8d876dd229853999"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"plbydfcb/QBK3zrAVPRW2yISQWwHy6qqX55pam/Adl3SJwxxGD/M7kRUYFn2v0oCHBdaUWKiBS8E+oqKllT1CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T17:39:38.043621Z","bundle_sha256":"72cf7afec8f9f05249d62434f6fc481d984c2756c0ed9e60705c5108f0cf4fc5"}}