{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH","short_pith_number":"pith:AOCKYOCW","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"0384ac3856d3ae98e39cb14986dde959d44f9e6f0f019e3ceba27260d23ed6ba","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1511.03965","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Phenotypic spandrel: absolute discrimination and ligand antagonism","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-bio.MN","authors_text":"Kyle A. Johnson, Laura N. Saunders, Mathieu Hemery, Paul Fran\\c{c}ois","submitted_at":"2015-11-12T16:59:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the general problem of sensitive and specific discrimination between biochemical species. An important instance is immune discrimination between self and not-self, where it is also observed experimentally that ligands just below discrimination threshold negatively impact response, a phenomenon called antagonism. We characterize mathematically the generic properties of such discrimination, first relating it to biochemical adaptation. Then, based on basic biochemical rules, we establish that, surprisingly, antagonism is a generic consequence of any strictly specific discrimination ma"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.03965","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.MN","submitted_at":"2015-11-12T16:59:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9954fc4e2cac41e4f592430888fb3132877b3cbce77e31317be5b856bcc6ec40","abstract_canon_sha256":"4de23825da2051524c10a3e54451786a425e133c0d937f84fdc8e9c9d11874c1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.240966Z","signature_b64":"kptF7cewMfWQW9hlz961XJcR+5uyxg4ryGmNdauhF427C35s4b2SHOo5IYP6O9CMP+yktvme0nRX8sh/iIDuCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0384ac3856d3ae98e39cb14986dde959d44f9e6f0f019e3ceba27260d23ed6ba","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.240520Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.240520Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Phenotypic spandrel: absolute discrimination and ligand antagonism","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-bio.MN","authors_text":"Kyle A. Johnson, Laura N. Saunders, Mathieu Hemery, Paul Fran\\c{c}ois","submitted_at":"2015-11-12T16:59:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the general problem of sensitive and specific discrimination between biochemical species. An important instance is immune discrimination between self and not-self, where it is also observed experimentally that ligands just below discrimination threshold negatively impact response, a phenomenon called antagonism. We characterize mathematically the generic properties of such discrimination, first relating it to biochemical adaptation. Then, based on basic biochemical rules, we establish that, surprisingly, antagonism is a generic consequence of any strictly specific discrimination ma"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.03965","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.03965","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.240590+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.03965v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.240590+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.03965","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.240590+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AOCKYOCW2OXJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10.953037+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10.953037+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AOCKYOCW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:10.953037+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH","json":"https://pith.science/pith/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/AOCKYOCW"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/AOCKYOCW","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1511.03965&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/AOCKYOCW2OXJRY44WFEYNXPJLH/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.240590+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.240590+00:00"}