{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2023:AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO","short_pith_number":"pith:AOG3ZAUA","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"038dbc82808f16ddc505266635a358cb8c5645363241436b193aab3558d869b0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2305.18521","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Gravitational Pair Production and Black Hole Evaporation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Heino Falcke, Michael F. Wondrak, Walter D. van Suijlekom","submitted_at":"2023-05-29T18:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a new avenue to black hole evaporation using a heat-kernel approach analogous as for the Schwinger effect. Applying this method to an uncharged massless scalar field in a Schwarzschild spacetime, we show that spacetime curvature takes a similar role as the electric field strength in the Schwinger effect. We interpret our results as local pair production in a gravitational field and derive a radial production profile. The resulting emission peaks near the unstable photon orbit. Comparing the particle number and energy flux to the Hawking case, we find both effects to be of similar or"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.18521","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2023-05-29T18:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"4132dbc5834a9daffdf01257825d30cffe9b1ff76af1f8a571d309a2868258e3","abstract_canon_sha256":"8c8668f8d8a5d8a56ab15400cbf7ed8bf141e44f15b34a20b060d05d98632443"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:16:50.926554Z","signature_b64":"H1c605SNCUToUi3c8mvUbdZpd9+TpIrF5sWTLIuEK8wyG04vH6sySVDMkZoVy0fAQlXSjC1IqAyKU9Im3TvNDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"038dbc82808f16ddc505266635a358cb8c5645363241436b193aab3558d869b0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:16:50.926099Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:16:50.926099Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Gravitational Pair Production and Black Hole Evaporation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Heino Falcke, Michael F. Wondrak, Walter D. van Suijlekom","submitted_at":"2023-05-29T18:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a new avenue to black hole evaporation using a heat-kernel approach analogous as for the Schwinger effect. Applying this method to an uncharged massless scalar field in a Schwarzschild spacetime, we show that spacetime curvature takes a similar role as the electric field strength in the Schwinger effect. We interpret our results as local pair production in a gravitational field and derive a radial production profile. The resulting emission peaks near the unstable photon orbit. Comparing the particle number and energy flux to the Hawking case, we find both effects to be of similar or"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.18521","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2305.18521/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.18521","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:16:50.926155+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.18521v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:16:50.926155+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.18521","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:16:50.926155+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AOG3ZAUAR4LN","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:16:50.926155+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIF","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:16:50.926155+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AOG3ZAUA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:16:50.926155+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":3,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.02393","citing_title":"Black Bounce via Gravitational Tension Screening Acting as an Analogue of Schwinger Corrections","ref_index":18,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2510.25866","citing_title":"Hawking Radiation meets the Double Copy","ref_index":87,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.19387","citing_title":"Bound-state QED test above the Schwinger limit with kaonic fluorine","ref_index":26,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO","json":"https://pith.science/pith/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/AOG3ZAUA"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/AOG3ZAUA","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2305.18521&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/AOG3ZAUAR4LN3RIFEZTDLI2YZO/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:16:50.926155+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T06:16:50.926155+00:00"}