{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","short_pith_number":"pith:AQLEUWVQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.09829","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2026-05-11T00:10:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"d7baedd59310b2457f1df0db491d719cf939c1a589ffb7bab5d0efec6a6d6460","abstract_canon_sha256":"fdca71cf0b867a9d51e5eaf870e6dc9b7d949aa713c8afe13f7d62ba18a23831"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"04164a5ab076725eb42ed3ce54bfe7dfa578f20e9cd3fbe5db3bd2e0e536be1b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.09829","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.09829","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.09829v2","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.09829","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AQLEUWVQOZZF","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AQLEUWVQ","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.09829","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2026-05-11T00:10:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"d7baedd59310b2457f1df0db491d719cf939c1a589ffb7bab5d0efec6a6d6460","abstract_canon_sha256":"fdca71cf0b867a9d51e5eaf870e6dc9b7d949aa713c8afe13f7d62ba18a23831"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"04164a5ab076725eb42ed3ce54bfe7dfa578f20e9cd3fbe5db3bd2e0e536be1b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10.096137Z","signature_b64":"IN/Qnita1ZyKKN/p1hwHDfLG8NrkZXuae5rnaYytNLqsExLJf8GjTx/YdhKvx03DGQGbgrGx2/QoCMMXkvjEAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"04164a5ab076725eb42ed3ce54bfe7dfa578f20e9cd3fbe5db3bd2e0e536be1b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10.095560Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10.095560Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.09829","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Q8w213aGDB+Bf/GRSsH50JPfXryLcuYJoDWnM7xrA5lGMYPBeIgiXksly8EAYWIy+UEJvOjN/MlVw1sTgyU9Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.318906Z"},"content_sha256":"23c01c494186063bb3abf24a3d019e419bc9eaec42033222adabf38f7524e729","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:23c01c494186063bb3abf24a3d019e419bc9eaec42033222adabf38f7524e729"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Stardust Galaxies at z>9: A Dust-Origin Transition Behind the Excess of UV-Bright Galaxies","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"A transition to low-opacity supernova dust at z>9 reproduces the low UV attenuation and excess of bright galaxies seen by JWST.","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"A.K. Inoue, C. Aurin, C. Kobayashi, D. Burgarella, G. P. Nikopoulos, J.-C. Bouret, M. Dickinson, P. Dayal, R. S. Somerville, T. Dewachter, T.T. Takeuchi, V. Buat","submitted_at":"2026-05-11T00:10:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent JWST observations suggest that galaxies at z > 9 may be dominated by low-opacity SNe-produced dust before efficient ISM grain growth is established. This transition in dust origin and opacity could explain both the prevalence of galaxies with extremely low dust attenuation and the excess of UV-bright galaxies relative to most pre-JWST predictions. We investigate whether this transition, combined with evolving star-formation efficiency, can reproduce these observed properties. We develop a physically motivated attenuation framework combining (i) extinction laws for reverse-shock-processe"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"We find that the observed A_FUV-M_star relation at z > 9 is best reproduced for an intrinsic FUV dust opacity kappa_UV(dust)=1000 cm2/g, characteristic of low-opacity SNe dust, naturally producing very low attenuation even in gas-rich galaxies.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The premise that galaxies at z>9 are dominated by low-opacity SNe-produced dust before efficient ISM grain growth is established, which is invoked to justify the low kappa_UV value and the transition framework.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A transition to low-opacity supernova-produced dust at z>9 reduces effective UV attenuation in gas-rich galaxies and reproduces the observed UV luminosity function and A_FUV-M_star relation.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A transition to low-opacity supernova dust at z>9 reproduces the low UV attenuation and excess of bright galaxies seen by JWST.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"38f92bc544a91c0f1f4faaff699f63e438bd1c017cfe854261eded07b2837866"},"source":{"id":"2605.09829","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"a21d36f3-d842-4423-80a5-bee53971c646","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-12T04:39:57.455851Z","strongest_claim":"We find that the observed A_FUV-M_star relation at z > 9 is best reproduced for an intrinsic FUV dust opacity kappa_UV(dust)=1000 cm2/g, characteristic of low-opacity SNe dust, naturally producing very low attenuation even in gas-rich galaxies.","one_line_summary":"A transition to low-opacity supernova-produced dust at z>9 reduces effective UV attenuation in gas-rich galaxies and reproduces the observed UV luminosity function and A_FUV-M_star relation.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The premise that galaxies at z>9 are dominated by low-opacity SNe-produced dust before efficient ISM grain growth is established, which is invoked to justify the low kappa_UV value and the transition framework.","pith_extraction_headline":"A transition to low-opacity supernova dust at z>9 reproduces the low UV attenuation and excess of bright galaxies seen by JWST."},"integrity":{"clean":false,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":10,"by_detector":{"doi_compliance":{"total":10,"advisory":0,"critical":10,"informational":0}},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.09829/integrity.json","findings":[{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/2041-8213/acb66d' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":44,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/acb66d","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acdcda' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":87,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdcda","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c57' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":122,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c57","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"Identifier '10.1038/s41550-023-01950-2' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":11,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_doi":"10.1038/s41550-023-01950-2","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acdffd' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":76,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdffd","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acac92' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":111,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acac92","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/ace0d8' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":10,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ace0d8","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/2041-8213/ad2b25' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":60,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ad2b25","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"Identifier '10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021536' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":109,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021536","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null},{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acdba5' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","detector":"doi_compliance","severity":"critical","ref_index":123,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdba5","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","verdict_class":"cross_source","detected_arxiv_id":null}],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T16:35:12.215651Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T12:31:17.609819Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":10}],"snapshot_sha256":"930af5af9106c436c0ea478faae6fbba2440a54953ec27c0ec420f0a283e76b6"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":3,"snapshot_sha256":"fa088768037b2a10c841865d7fd7ddcb6140810495ce162a55b0e385d06ef738"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":"a21d36f3-d842-4423-80a5-bee53971c646"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VodytemEWq1bgM5C5eWcW+SwpjlSkcNwBfm89G7o7iDj+xc/EQBWZiOX+UX8VQADbyNY9kkeXsoELTcKvGSyBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.320361Z"},"content_sha256":"f55b5efc23e7fef47fe82beaed6d2002e56299e28fbecfdbc3dc93826091455d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f55b5efc23e7fef47fe82beaed6d2002e56299e28fbecfdbc3dc93826091455d"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.1038/s41550-023-01950-2' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Boylan-Kolchin, M.\\ 2023, Nature Astronomy, 7, 731. doi:10.1038/s41550-023-01950-2","arxiv_id":"2605.09829","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.1038/s41550-023-01950-2","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":11,"raw_excerpt":"Boylan-Kolchin, M.\\ 2023, Nature Astronomy, 7, 731. doi:10.1038/s41550-023-01950-2","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":11,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.1038/s41550-023-01950-2","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"adf9afe18dabfd99104772bf679997748e1af96a6d1965cfe2b6305f9bd009a5","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":718,"payload_sha256":"5a534a1031249267e85cdfb5e61202ac85df1e6452286f346a9eb8b845d059f3","signature_b64":"3Pc/tijVsWGtb9ACAKOIbodMCfQVmC4pNjN74bz9F8h3Kw2wF3gLPtlPI+GzHwhr6jNlkojrkrXC1KucHvQCAQ==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T09:56:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QMRcTJu75GqoW+c/+rxhJP0hywCKwH9ZLhAOpNdMqFjBXB4RIRpJJIyBcx5h6xa2KScyfcHS1NeeVbN64PgYAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.322294Z"},"content_sha256":"93d94c527bbfe67ea2a9b7e04a64455216e2e9bedbb42abc1df66cc336d2e262","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:93d94c527bbfe67ea2a9b7e04a64455216e2e9bedbb42abc1df66cc336d2e262"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/ace0d8' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Bouwens, R. J., Illingworth, G. D., Oesch, P. A., et al.\\ 2023, , 954, 128. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace0d8","arxiv_id":"2605.09829","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ace0d8","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":10,"raw_excerpt":"Bouwens, R. J., Illingworth, G. D., Oesch, P. A., et al.\\ 2023, , 954, 128. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace0d8","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":10,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ace0d8","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"17bb9e1a78f56f597b8878895530a231bcb3737af40834d562eda59203f08126","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":717,"payload_sha256":"ef06846d12f345e97cf42b1793d9fe6eecc95f8cadf24e622c1a020c4ea1c18e","signature_b64":"kPrdabTYJwJodwqmGm9SfcTHhOOzKC+jpOgIGGhom3WqhdrYVmazXtUgoTTeaXgkfs2MDmRtVk5rqMRO5WoZBg==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T09:56:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"21/gU/cEvma2eapP2KQ/qgkq8hzFLQ7TaVNnxBqyTDuX3srU4n9ygR99tk6v5NczekF0FbzCp9/bT9DFqQSDDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.322878Z"},"content_sha256":"114a597b28b30b5fe10ef20e6deaf1e669f09c71378c30ecaf7aceda81471f5d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:114a597b28b30b5fe10ef20e6deaf1e669f09c71378c30ecaf7aceda81471f5d"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acdba5' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Shen, X., Vogelsberger, M., Nelson, D., et al.\\ 2023, , 951, 91. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acdba5","arxiv_id":"2605.09829","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdba5","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":123,"raw_excerpt":"Shen, X., Vogelsberger, M., Nelson, D., et al.\\ 2023, , 951, 91. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acdba5","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":123,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdba5","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"31f0de5542604550de5ba44d761deb1e62ef575fbf489607a036a032dc0d1fe6","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":716,"payload_sha256":"1dd815f2e53bf5487bf77cae7875eb4af7d091deb66b293e1d5570484b923bba","signature_b64":"eU6nqCZGmlqBxCNEzc3JWDOmQbDGqbqxk+EUL7nbcjDp6ZlxJnDaaIZVg5fZ2uJcLEqbUAj5+C1nXxkowNnbAA==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T09:56:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rUkwSKhbiTjeTCT282rbd/PvYceM1YADPJDMrlBbZyagoT1S5qgISOakAZc3M/5KeIw7h0czmSbkg48/0Bi0BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.323434Z"},"content_sha256":"8610e7f685da760f7ca21e0457bb1115e43ca96a07f8413cd6fac18475a822a4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8610e7f685da760f7ca21e0457bb1115e43ca96a07f8413cd6fac18475a822a4"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c57' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Seon, K.-I., & Draine, B. T.\\ 2022, , 933, 34. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c57","arxiv_id":"2605.09829","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c57","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":122,"raw_excerpt":"Seon, K.-I., & Draine, B. T.\\ 2022, , 933, 34. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c57","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":122,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c57","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"9d7b74c64a333153db47d0460a58ddcbf364faca4bab420800dcd66d7771a890","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":715,"payload_sha256":"78c5bfbe094d80b79bc8f65e2cf2c2f02067d04e7b80f087cfaab5e47dfdd188","signature_b64":"dkhcsoOD5HTJC47ZShiIpF7oWMsgJts4R5MDidb1fZyM69t+5OW8ky+KyGPi3Tr8KrKh3qO17tRJizWNFIeWCQ==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T09:56:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"n/UkxARf1hsOwLyX2cQVCUfFC7KQjwdZF8zFXwrS+yX1T2bhz8F++0hDTne2NSVdGuUcWVstIgbJBLFyYck5Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.323980Z"},"content_sha256":"b16553aead96f2428e967369fb3791197f97fe96c0cbf1eb36acfc213c907cd0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b16553aead96f2428e967369fb3791197f97fe96c0cbf1eb36acfc213c907cd0"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acac92' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Sanders, R. L., Shapley, A. E., Reddy, N. A., et al.\\ 2023, , 943, 72. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acac92","arxiv_id":"2605.09829","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acac92","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":111,"raw_excerpt":"Sanders, R. L., Shapley, A. E., Reddy, N. A., et al.\\ 2023, , 943, 72. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acac92","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":111,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acac92","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"e20daa9e6f2b7e05c2ba4de24d9a70ce34eb4fbf87d60899aba2cee9da10b611","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":714,"payload_sha256":"f9fda90bd15162fc818dacac2e03a5af5888bfd005b4846f305a00b74574b23f","signature_b64":"pbCcXDVgsOcO24Ga5GOU8Tr+0IqAUqUgSJJpbZsaiJnoj+kv/Y+lyX6xxmYuXE2AP7Tt8E9dVYvFta9II1ySBg==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T09:56:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"51DPs7eRTmOVAeJA4C8ukE1wXgz4/ciHLU/p/P0fkKVlssMabzqJggfp1kRxI4MlIQI/Y1YO9LRCJk/GJ43NBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.324542Z"},"content_sha256":"2dd94691a861c8b23fda7bb43a4f6dc68819519e2f493767195ad11eed13bd9d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2dd94691a861c8b23fda7bb43a4f6dc68819519e2f493767195ad11eed13bd9d"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021536' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Salim, S., & Narayanan, D.\\ 2020, , 58, 529. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021536","arxiv_id":"2605.09829","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021536","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":109,"raw_excerpt":"Salim, S., & Narayanan, D.\\ 2020, , 58, 529. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021536","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":109,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021536","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"17f81a2538f5c27c4e9c289881210b8be79e8627978063a48a8d8515d93df2de","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":713,"payload_sha256":"93aecab29c4ff81159f87710f728ab42be250ba45106dd8418b67b9bc9b16826","signature_b64":"VMffUO7F9H6K4vndyxXa+ba0imRwbnEKl8/fRCxna7y0u2RLLGL8RnYw7b+GC6WA7I9tddawCe0vd2SYXqQHDA==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T09:56:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Tv6eUcz8/z5UGOWa0LFL00EIzXsDbXnShn57PaAWUrfs2BEVvXFjfV3YTl0jKwIdngTsSsQloz4BB6cNznU3Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.325092Z"},"content_sha256":"3f8dda4523710bebb6a836c2a0d8c9e1a96fc86f83fe869cb454f87bc15f6f3d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3f8dda4523710bebb6a836c2a0d8c9e1a96fc86f83fe869cb454f87bc15f6f3d"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acdcda' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Mason, C. A., Tacchella, S., & Finkelstein, S. L.\\ 2023, , 952, 123. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acdcda","arxiv_id":"2605.09829","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdcda","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":87,"raw_excerpt":"Mason, C. A., Tacchella, S., & Finkelstein, S. L.\\ 2023, , 952, 123. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acdcda","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":87,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdcda","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"85e5b521a57facafb4cf88e095e4ef0a84851a4ab28d32eb16554b027b73e0e0","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":712,"payload_sha256":"d9ac0a003507b719492d27d8a3bcd956046ac8877321cd9fb63ab117e31b6f81","signature_b64":"r8SM9smwb2o1Sie1TfLdNmjQHTl1zOBFX0DSFIvR4sx/3vb+0KBO4Ooh2CTu+4QhHdEbpjDjJ+YRnoqITYKLBA==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T09:56:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8luI9JkBh4EIYFr1obQPig1cX9tYaDgyhxYX0OvLb2tzxHRRp3LLys/igS/eVZN7t80ocIFeczf+epn9Qd68Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.325647Z"},"content_sha256":"8ec1ed60033b5d19c1c158919534fbba1cf437351badbb5a9a45f30add1e23d2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8ec1ed60033b5d19c1c158919534fbba1cf437351badbb5a9a45f30add1e23d2"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acdffd' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Langeroodi, D., Hjorth, J., Gall, C., & Zafar, T.\\ 2023, , 952, 156. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acdffd","arxiv_id":"2605.09829","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdffd","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":76,"raw_excerpt":"Langeroodi, D., Hjorth, J., Gall, C., & Zafar, T.\\ 2023, , 952, 156. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acdffd","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":76,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdffd","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"17d39ad34a7adb1f630237c176aa9967e1044c7b1b92892656d68e004c2a8b9e","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":711,"payload_sha256":"82d6aa8d160dac88d8cb351e72c4eaa59c78742249bca6217ab2fa1fdcacbe61","signature_b64":"baC/ESKvaLBGXUIsZNiQqmIhVC39sZiHe3fAnJRSsopUAfiDD8tMYML+1eeye+6PCJ5SEL6Oab0oGbiN/RyhCQ==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T09:56:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l4y20eOmXNlDyhqNDKLKXieAORSfthwmddQ5LVj1R2j6/3i8juNP4vjX4JcCTK27ECzOk9kaP1WbgGw9ICExAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.326170Z"},"content_sha256":"cb3a0423cfa462aa97c46ec19113beab07b2a5d450ce1fc7a3b0342a7b6e7847","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb3a0423cfa462aa97c46ec19113beab07b2a5d450ce1fc7a3b0342a7b6e7847"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/2041-8213/ad2b25' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Heintz, K. E., Fudamoto, Y., Faisst, A. L., et al.\\ 2024, , 964, L15. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad2b25","arxiv_id":"2605.09829","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ad2b25","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":60,"raw_excerpt":"Heintz, K. E., Fudamoto, Y., Faisst, A. L., et al.\\ 2024, , 964, L15. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad2b25","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":60,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ad2b25","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"a1c05dc36213c8207d8d1abf16de2a9d2eb5b608b86fdc466182b6b2bb7bb936","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":710,"payload_sha256":"c63e5ffa89810cdf914d92f3f4d6ed5bd78942a4919d0d375162b734446875a9","signature_b64":"nDx7CTXuZUpRjbFZ466AUDVymDVTj1Zle/VVwk3Lx8VO0F6W7pemuw5c9JnTiZ9KH3mCYB+lifHRO/kf3mxqAw==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T09:56:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ann5ThMw6SQriqizjF4wf6FJB+Szkyi/5raoKfLXISfUivxHJOlvrgcWuJ4hN+gC0NANJ9ih7RNaXqwtCB0qBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.326716Z"},"content_sha256":"951861e25a1f0db83f91eb7c8f1a1cfbb6fff318844aaf1bf434aa0ad272558f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:951861e25a1f0db83f91eb7c8f1a1cfbb6fff318844aaf1bf434aa0ad272558f"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"Identifier '10.3847/2041-8213/acb66d' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","snippet":"Finkelstein, S. L., Bagley, M. B., Arrabal Haro, P., et al.\\ 2023, , 946, L13. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acb66d","arxiv_id":"2605.09829","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/acb66d","arxiv_id":null,"ref_index":44,"raw_excerpt":"Finkelstein, S. L., Bagley, M. B., Arrabal Haro, P., et al.\\ 2023, , 946, L13. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acb66d","verdict_class":"cross_source","checked_sources":["crossref_by_doi","openalex_by_doi","doi_org_head"]},"severity":"critical","ref_index":44,"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/acb66d","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","evidence_hash":"2f6e4557cd70d6cd860938bc3d1fc643dac55f2acfd65743a9e272a1af77afe7","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"cross_source","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":709,"payload_sha256":"f116fa36d404ec90544f311604349da3a76f7fab954a657552a63c0f19627692","signature_b64":"ke5p0QnvhbWoLhGyLK0oWxljZ4WZR4tZ5rTQj94zFyAWc+AIRfIs3Wuonrahkz0OR4uSzMEBih7BtjsGITT1DQ==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T09:56:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9W8zzJhkUypJ9v2AM2v3LoiDPL3yZ2rey0pa53ydH13PwwJY1ZUs27CdyLfJbpXrlb30Ewj5sdze9l7bBOkaCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.327231Z"},"content_sha256":"3909a48c6d6db2b5092e25e8583abf77d052a56cb8f7bb6874b11f37713ff2aa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3909a48c6d6db2b5092e25e8583abf77d052a56cb8f7bb6874b11f37713ff2aa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO2PHFJP7H36","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":12,"valid_event_count":12,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":1,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fdca71cf0b867a9d51e5eaf870e6dc9b7d949aa713c8afe13f7d62ba18a23831","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2026-05-11T00:10:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"d7baedd59310b2457f1df0db491d719cf939c1a589ffb7bab5d0efec6a6d6460"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.09829","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.09829","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.09829v2","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.09829","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AQLEUWVQOZZF","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AQLEUWVQOZZF5NBO","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AQLEUWVQ","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f55b5efc23e7fef47fe82beaed6d2002e56299e28fbecfdbc3dc93826091455d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C1","kind":"strongest_claim","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","text":"We find that the observed A_FUV-M_star relation at z > 9 is best reproduced for an intrinsic FUV dust opacity kappa_UV(dust)=1000 cm2/g, characteristic of low-opacity SNe dust, naturally producing very low attenuation even in gas-rich galaxies."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"The premise that galaxies at z>9 are dominated by low-opacity SNe-produced dust before efficient ISM grain growth is established, which is invoked to justify the low kappa_UV value and the transition framework."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"A transition to low-opacity supernova-produced dust at z>9 reduces effective UV attenuation in gas-rich galaxies and reproduces the observed UV luminosity function and A_FUV-M_star relation."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"A transition to low-opacity supernova dust at z>9 reproduces the low UV attenuation and excess of bright galaxies seen by JWST."}],"snapshot_sha256":"38f92bc544a91c0f1f4faaff699f63e438bd1c017cfe854261eded07b2837866"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":3,"snapshot_sha256":"fa088768037b2a10c841865d7fd7ddcb6140810495ce162a55b0e385d06ef738"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":false,"detectors_run":[{"findings_count":0,"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T16:35:12.215651Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0"},{"findings_count":0,"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T12:31:17.609819Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0"},{"findings_count":10,"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0"}],"endpoint":"/pith/2605.09829/integrity.json","findings":[{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/acb66d","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.3847/2041-8213/acb66d' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":44,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdcda","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acdcda' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":87,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c57","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c57' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":122,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.1038/s41550-023-01950-2","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.1038/s41550-023-01950-2' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":11,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdffd","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acdffd' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":76,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acac92","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acac92' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":111,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ace0d8","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/ace0d8' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":10,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ad2b25","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.3847/2041-8213/ad2b25' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":60,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021536","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021536' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":109,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"},{"audited_at":"2026-05-19T09:54:06.973483Z","detected_arxiv_id":null,"detected_doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acdba5","detector":"doi_compliance","finding_type":"unresolvable_identifier","note":"Identifier '10.3847/1538-4357/acdba5' is syntactically valid but the DOI registry (doi.org) returned 404, and Crossref / OpenAlex / internal corpus also have no record. The cited work could not be located through any authoritative source.","ref_index":123,"severity":"critical","verdict_class":"cross_source"}],"snapshot_sha256":"930af5af9106c436c0ea478faae6fbba2440a54953ec27c0ec420f0a283e76b6","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{"doi_compliance":{"advisory":0,"critical":10,"informational":0,"total":10}},"critical":10,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent JWST observations suggest that galaxies at z > 9 may be dominated by low-opacity SNe-produced dust before efficient ISM grain growth is established. This transition in dust origin and opacity could explain both the prevalence of galaxies with extremely low dust attenuation and the excess of UV-bright galaxies relative to most pre-JWST predictions. We investigate whether this transition, combined with evolving star-formation efficiency, can reproduce these observed properties. We develop a physically motivated attenuation framework combining (i) extinction laws for reverse-shock-processe","authors_text":"A.K. Inoue, C. Aurin, C. Kobayashi, D. Burgarella, G. P. Nikopoulos, J.-C. Bouret, M. Dickinson, P. Dayal, R. S. Somerville, T. Dewachter, T.T. Takeuchi, V. Buat","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"headline":"A transition to low-opacity supernova dust at z>9 reproduces the low UV attenuation and excess of bright galaxies seen by JWST.","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2026-05-11T00:10:31Z","title":"Stardust Galaxies at z>9: A Dust-Origin Transition Behind the Excess of UV-Bright Galaxies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.09829","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-12T04:39:57.455851Z","id":"a21d36f3-d842-4423-80a5-bee53971c646","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"A transition to low-opacity supernova-produced dust at z>9 reduces effective UV attenuation in gas-rich galaxies and reproduces the observed UV luminosity function and A_FUV-M_star relation.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"A transition to low-opacity supernova dust at z>9 reproduces the low UV attenuation and excess of bright galaxies seen by JWST.","strongest_claim":"We find that the observed A_FUV-M_star relation at z > 9 is best reproduced for an intrinsic FUV dust opacity kappa_UV(dust)=1000 cm2/g, characteristic of low-opacity SNe dust, naturally producing very low attenuation even in gas-rich galaxies.","weakest_assumption":"The premise that galaxies at z>9 are dominated by low-opacity SNe-produced dust before efficient ISM grain growth is established, which is invoked to justify the low kappa_UV value and the transition framework."}},"verdict_id":"a21d36f3-d842-4423-80a5-bee53971c646"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:23c01c494186063bb3abf24a3d019e419bc9eaec42033222adabf38f7524e729","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fdca71cf0b867a9d51e5eaf870e6dc9b7d949aa713c8afe13f7d62ba18a23831","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2026-05-11T00:10:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"d7baedd59310b2457f1df0db491d719cf939c1a589ffb7bab5d0efec6a6d6460"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.09829","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"04164a5ab076725eb42ed3ce54bfe7dfa578f20e9cd3fbe5db3bd2e0e536be1b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"04164a5ab076725eb42ed3ce54bfe7dfa578f20e9cd3fbe5db3bd2e0e536be1b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10.095560Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10.095560Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"IN/Qnita1ZyKKN/p1hwHDfLG8NrkZXuae5rnaYytNLqsExLJf8GjTx/YdhKvx03DGQGbgrGx2/QoCMMXkvjEAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-20T01:06:10.096137Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.09829","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[{"signer_id":"pith.science","event_type":"integrity_finding","target":"integrity","event_ids":["sha256:114a597b28b30b5fe10ef20e6deaf1e669f09c71378c30ecaf7aceda81471f5d","sha256:2dd94691a861c8b23fda7bb43a4f6dc68819519e2f493767195ad11eed13bd9d","sha256:3909a48c6d6db2b5092e25e8583abf77d052a56cb8f7bb6874b11f37713ff2aa","sha256:3f8dda4523710bebb6a836c2a0d8c9e1a96fc86f83fe869cb454f87bc15f6f3d","sha256:8610e7f685da760f7ca21e0457bb1115e43ca96a07f8413cd6fac18475a822a4","sha256:8ec1ed60033b5d19c1c158919534fbba1cf437351badbb5a9a45f30add1e23d2","sha256:93d94c527bbfe67ea2a9b7e04a64455216e2e9bedbb42abc1df66cc336d2e262","sha256:951861e25a1f0db83f91eb7c8f1a1cfbb6fff318844aaf1bf434aa0ad272558f","sha256:b16553aead96f2428e967369fb3791197f97fe96c0cbf1eb36acfc213c907cd0","sha256:cb3a0423cfa462aa97c46ec19113beab07b2a5d450ce1fc7a3b0342a7b6e7847"]}],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:23c01c494186063bb3abf24a3d019e419bc9eaec42033222adabf38f7524e729","sha256:f55b5efc23e7fef47fe82beaed6d2002e56299e28fbecfdbc3dc93826091455d"],"state_sha256":"234c3a75169eacc6bf98c5b318ce9b728d53285cb71e0d359d383ce5775bfb3e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0y2a3xIIikVleTEyXrISO5BzGCC+okR1CstfGu2R+INSpQu2XJwwXzXuJn3SWunC0B1r5q99oSMCqJN4am0iCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T14:15:15.336157Z","bundle_sha256":"ed362026b304b5710f3eeecd02613255dd30f43e332f4582bde998f00e8abaa3"}}