{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FAJPCI6A45LZ","short_pith_number":"pith:AQN5GXYW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9910231","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-10-13T14:48:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"e3bae67c5f4a3114aad423c22ecc92f9805184b60358ebbe04a6ca65df1e58d9","abstract_canon_sha256":"d12257f6454b2ed8d675e428519c733c67af2a8ad815e12445a081b71b03d4cf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"041bd35f160f070f6ca04bc48f039d5e5b9bc478c00d75090b54445b86bdd3e7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9910231","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9910231","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9910231v4","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9910231","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AQN5GXYWB4DQ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FA","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AQN5GXYW","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FAJPCI6A45LZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9910231","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-10-13T14:48:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"e3bae67c5f4a3114aad423c22ecc92f9805184b60358ebbe04a6ca65df1e58d9","abstract_canon_sha256":"d12257f6454b2ed8d675e428519c733c67af2a8ad815e12445a081b71b03d4cf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"041bd35f160f070f6ca04bc48f039d5e5b9bc478c00d75090b54445b86bdd3e7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42.258100Z","signature_b64":"EfB/Pf3xPflj+gesCVQc5XldaAipzyDBhTf3HVeeFRWJbs8yHRJVozuqEL61u2WPPNZ9kY8JerNvQg9kWiUZDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"041bd35f160f070f6ca04bc48f039d5e5b9bc478c00d75090b54445b86bdd3e7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42.257688Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42.257688Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9910231","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XJNQFzZ4ujHJMm2kYwCIrt3Lbr548Dzwfrne/fjUOJBf5N+LV3h94aM1PZe28uufbvvtMIzTAeYNrmc/4Vs7Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T12:50:42.469526Z"},"content_sha256":"255ae347c5445fd6479811a740079289ad165428df1fe5a3cb6e8e2fc2771467","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:255ae347c5445fd6479811a740079289ad165428df1fe5a3cb6e8e2fc2771467"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FAJPCI6A45LZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reconstructing the Cosmic Equation of State from Supernova distances","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"(2) Landau Institute, 3) ((1) IUCAA, (3) MPIfA, A. A. Starobinsky (2, Garching), Moscow, Pune, Somak Raychaudhury (1), Tarun Deep Saini (1), Varun Sahni (1)","submitted_at":"1999-10-13T14:48:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Observations of high-redshift supernovae indicate that the universe is accelerating. Here we present a {\\em model-independent} method for estimating the form of the potential $V(\\phi)$ of the scalar field driving this acceleration, and the associated equation of state $w_\\phi$. Our method is based on a versatile analytical form for the luminosity distance $D_L$, optimized to fit observed distances to distant supernovae and differentiated to yield $V(\\phi)$ and $w_\\phi$. Our results favor $w_\\phi\\simeq -1$ at the present epoch, steadily increasing with redshift. A cosmological constant is consi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9910231","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9910231/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8pYvQPsT1I2aZmX2iuCWwNdf8LGvfDSdP8jYR2JlcfoUuPCmO8FNvVy9o8LCFfbGzuCCFoHxgXOBeB9dxXXCAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T12:50:42.470459Z"},"content_sha256":"a157b36016cb72dc42ace5b8f010b29ae9288a0160a3739a61514a2ddd9e48ea","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a157b36016cb72dc42ace5b8f010b29ae9288a0160a3739a61514a2ddd9e48ea"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FAJPCI6A45LZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FAJPCI6A45LZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FAJPCI6A45LZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T12:50:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FAJPCI6A45LZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FAJPCI6A45LZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FAJPCI6A45LZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FAJPCI6A45LZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FAJPCI6A45LZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d12257f6454b2ed8d675e428519c733c67af2a8ad815e12445a081b71b03d4cf","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-10-13T14:48:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"e3bae67c5f4a3114aad423c22ecc92f9805184b60358ebbe04a6ca65df1e58d9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9910231","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9910231","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9910231v4","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9910231","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AQN5GXYWB4DQ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AQN5GXYWB4DQ63FA","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AQN5GXYW","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a157b36016cb72dc42ace5b8f010b29ae9288a0160a3739a61514a2ddd9e48ea","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9910231/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Observations of high-redshift supernovae indicate that the universe is accelerating. Here we present a {\\em model-independent} method for estimating the form of the potential $V(\\phi)$ of the scalar field driving this acceleration, and the associated equation of state $w_\\phi$. Our method is based on a versatile analytical form for the luminosity distance $D_L$, optimized to fit observed distances to distant supernovae and differentiated to yield $V(\\phi)$ and $w_\\phi$. Our results favor $w_\\phi\\simeq -1$ at the present epoch, steadily increasing with redshift. A cosmological constant is consi","authors_text":"(2) Landau Institute, 3) ((1) IUCAA, (3) MPIfA, A. A. Starobinsky (2, Garching), Moscow, Pune, Somak Raychaudhury (1), Tarun Deep Saini (1), Varun Sahni (1)","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-10-13T14:48:24Z","title":"Reconstructing the Cosmic Equation of State from Supernova distances"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9910231","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:255ae347c5445fd6479811a740079289ad165428df1fe5a3cb6e8e2fc2771467","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d12257f6454b2ed8d675e428519c733c67af2a8ad815e12445a081b71b03d4cf","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-10-13T14:48:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"e3bae67c5f4a3114aad423c22ecc92f9805184b60358ebbe04a6ca65df1e58d9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9910231","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"041bd35f160f070f6ca04bc48f039d5e5b9bc478c00d75090b54445b86bdd3e7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"041bd35f160f070f6ca04bc48f039d5e5b9bc478c00d75090b54445b86bdd3e7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42.257688Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42.257688Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EfB/Pf3xPflj+gesCVQc5XldaAipzyDBhTf3HVeeFRWJbs8yHRJVozuqEL61u2WPPNZ9kY8JerNvQg9kWiUZDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:11:42.258100Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9910231","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:255ae347c5445fd6479811a740079289ad165428df1fe5a3cb6e8e2fc2771467","sha256:a157b36016cb72dc42ace5b8f010b29ae9288a0160a3739a61514a2ddd9e48ea"],"state_sha256":"568f77f56f6c6a10ace23578a49af1bea96cf05707feb466edbb14cbbcced9da"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PIO919MGHWw10/jQdhAA21tkoNM09yvCACb3Wd7eeoCEiuS3TujozCOux7y0XpumfaNvTjY0h0HInAm6Yp/MDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T12:50:42.476435Z","bundle_sha256":"a8fff9c05da1dac1d2a4e9949a70b67004c717776a197290ff003dc6694f971d"}}