{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2020:AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M","short_pith_number":"pith:AQU2ALHD","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"0429a02ce3890d295388cbc48ed4b9d30a1721efe708ddf08272accaa0985720","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2011.13426","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Outcome Indistinguishability","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CC","cs.DS"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Cynthia Dwork, Gal Yona, Guy N. Rothblum, Michael P. Kim, Omer Reingold","submitted_at":"2020-11-26T18:33:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"Prediction algorithms assign numbers to individuals that are popularly understood as individual \"probabilities\" -- what is the probability of 5-year survival after cancer diagnosis? -- and which increasingly form the basis for life-altering decisions. Drawing on an understanding of computational indistinguishability developed in complexity theory and cryptography, we introduce Outcome Indistinguishability. Predictors that are Outcome Indistinguishable yield a generative model for outcomes that cannot be efficiently refuted on the basis of the real-life observations produced by Nature. We inves"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.13426","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-11-26T18:33:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.DS"],"title_canon_sha256":"ec444b1b2c4c99c0222d2964dafa6ca56fdc830680be8c9869d9f733b63a4d1e","abstract_canon_sha256":"857652b7628e4c3fb90aed3ca6bec65443d307edea8f29fc35f7d86405eaea7f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.025460Z","signature_b64":"neCzt8O2NJBIwjF4CmSFbO1qtHXIvlMTi2HDFRFwCgqjNBpew0IEWg5x4EPl1zQL/vIUYHtVVGx8vx4y8c/LAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0429a02ce3890d295388cbc48ed4b9d30a1721efe708ddf08272accaa0985720","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.025047Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.025047Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Outcome Indistinguishability","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CC","cs.DS"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Cynthia Dwork, Gal Yona, Guy N. Rothblum, Michael P. Kim, Omer Reingold","submitted_at":"2020-11-26T18:33:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"Prediction algorithms assign numbers to individuals that are popularly understood as individual \"probabilities\" -- what is the probability of 5-year survival after cancer diagnosis? -- and which increasingly form the basis for life-altering decisions. Drawing on an understanding of computational indistinguishability developed in complexity theory and cryptography, we introduce Outcome Indistinguishability. Predictors that are Outcome Indistinguishable yield a generative model for outcomes that cannot be efficiently refuted on the basis of the real-life observations produced by Nature. We inves"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.13426","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2011.13426/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.13426","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.025105+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.13426v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.025105+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.13426","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.025105+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AQU2ALHDREGS","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.025105+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AQU2ALHDREGSSU4I","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.025105+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AQU2ALHD","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.025105+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2509.02279","citing_title":"Calibration through the Lens of Indistinguishability","ref_index":2021,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M","json":"https://pith.science/pith/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/AQU2ALHD"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/AQU2ALHD","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2011.13426&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/AQU2ALHDREGSSU4IZPCI5VFZ2M/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.025105+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.025105+00:00"}