{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA6EV2WASXA4","short_pith_number":"pith:AQYJGBVL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.00955","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:26:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"600f288aa23a5fa091e013e56c41acfc82ada1db2f2458ea29d0521ccfe730de","abstract_canon_sha256":"79de4b905b11669bc290a79254a74b0d088c0538259e549b37bb22b2aa906520"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"04309306abb0e393ed60f12bab02570701c7d06fbd6753f559893a86ec573bce","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1812.00955","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.00955","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.00955v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.00955","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AQYJGBVLWDRZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AQYJGBVL","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA6EV2WASXA4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.00955","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:26:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"600f288aa23a5fa091e013e56c41acfc82ada1db2f2458ea29d0521ccfe730de","abstract_canon_sha256":"79de4b905b11669bc290a79254a74b0d088c0538259e549b37bb22b2aa906520"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"04309306abb0e393ed60f12bab02570701c7d06fbd6753f559893a86ec573bce","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58.151449Z","signature_b64":"taQhr8uBwQoGs4OVmbt7N4JtL93A2cls90vFhjQTb9EtvnfwEjD5okiLzWE3bO438rZjodt62LzYWMJ6+r5rBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"04309306abb0e393ed60f12bab02570701c7d06fbd6753f559893a86ec573bce","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58.151053Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58.151053Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1812.00955","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YxpaFsUQ7iSztBajLhllTlZgi5M9wgBEFsRt3sxdhrWGAatodV7d7a9R5kMUINyTaw4/Su+Syj8lp16zRDKlDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T13:31:03.619172Z"},"content_sha256":"56638c630de4bef3566b44a2ffdd8edfffadd330baa41cd4c38f187e6dd68490","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:56638c630de4bef3566b44a2ffdd8edfffadd330baa41cd4c38f187e6dd68490"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA6EV2WASXA4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Keeping the Smart Home Private with Smart(er) IoT Traffic Shaping","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Arvind Narayanan, Danny Yuxing Huang, Dillon Reisman, Nick Feamster, Noah Apthorpe","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:26:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"The proliferation of smart home Internet of Things (IoT) devices presents unprecedented challenges for preserving privacy within the home. In this paper, we demonstrate that a passive network observer (e.g., an Internet service provider) can infer private in-home activities by analyzing Internet traffic from commercially available smart home devices even when the devices use end-to-end transport-layer encryption. We evaluate common approaches for defending against these types of traffic analysis attacks, including firewalls, virtual private networks, and independent link padding, and find that"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.00955","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1812.00955/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nHG0V567kma2UVMcOspdPf5xzHMXv8lmVQfynpp2IbljURixMHue9n0lfi1zG2WjsTD3Q6H/j65O1ycSQFg6DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T13:31:03.619682Z"},"content_sha256":"5a05f73627e2f775aaaa01e2468372d84fd3d8d54e568603a99e45df208686ed","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5a05f73627e2f775aaaa01e2468372d84fd3d8d54e568603a99e45df208686ed"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA6EV2WASXA4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA6EV2WASXA4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA6EV2WASXA4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T13:31:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA6EV2WASXA4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA6EV2WASXA4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA6EV2WASXA4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA6EV2WASXA4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA6EV2WASXA4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"79de4b905b11669bc290a79254a74b0d088c0538259e549b37bb22b2aa906520","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:26:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"600f288aa23a5fa091e013e56c41acfc82ada1db2f2458ea29d0521ccfe730de"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.00955","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.00955","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.00955v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.00955","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AQYJGBVLWDRZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AQYJGBVLWDRZH3LA","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AQYJGBVL","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5a05f73627e2f775aaaa01e2468372d84fd3d8d54e568603a99e45df208686ed","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1812.00955/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The proliferation of smart home Internet of Things (IoT) devices presents unprecedented challenges for preserving privacy within the home. In this paper, we demonstrate that a passive network observer (e.g., an Internet service provider) can infer private in-home activities by analyzing Internet traffic from commercially available smart home devices even when the devices use end-to-end transport-layer encryption. We evaluate common approaches for defending against these types of traffic analysis attacks, including firewalls, virtual private networks, and independent link padding, and find that","authors_text":"Arvind Narayanan, Danny Yuxing Huang, Dillon Reisman, Nick Feamster, Noah Apthorpe","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:26:24Z","title":"Keeping the Smart Home Private with Smart(er) IoT Traffic Shaping"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.00955","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:56638c630de4bef3566b44a2ffdd8edfffadd330baa41cd4c38f187e6dd68490","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"79de4b905b11669bc290a79254a74b0d088c0538259e549b37bb22b2aa906520","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:26:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"600f288aa23a5fa091e013e56c41acfc82ada1db2f2458ea29d0521ccfe730de"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.00955","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"04309306abb0e393ed60f12bab02570701c7d06fbd6753f559893a86ec573bce","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"04309306abb0e393ed60f12bab02570701c7d06fbd6753f559893a86ec573bce","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58.151053Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58.151053Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"taQhr8uBwQoGs4OVmbt7N4JtL93A2cls90vFhjQTb9EtvnfwEjD5okiLzWE3bO438rZjodt62LzYWMJ6+r5rBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:21:58.151449Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1812.00955","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:56638c630de4bef3566b44a2ffdd8edfffadd330baa41cd4c38f187e6dd68490","sha256:5a05f73627e2f775aaaa01e2468372d84fd3d8d54e568603a99e45df208686ed"],"state_sha256":"a0d7e78910b988daf7301fa46a022e88a0b38ae683da01d8bd16f028b99c9ac7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5yP7ZuBmdFDlr3G3KMmAmXV6sZJl1N1fs0tWDwLxGseUHuGQ8WKHz3UmZVD5/I9J5wnH5iywDAvohvWfJAlmDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T13:31:03.625099Z","bundle_sha256":"0ebca9d732314dcafa0174d77ef43af032e0af97a47a64d1f23d13b855843d7d"}}