{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIOQQ7235RDWN","short_pith_number":"pith:ASGKLAHA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.1011","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2012-09-05T15:18:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.CT"],"title_canon_sha256":"22d0bbb65c22db239923328fef6bc5ef29f75330b9a09632ec7e0fdd3b398889","abstract_canon_sha256":"43e85c069e78bcd1890d3c982cfd6cb397282cd3f168d269cbaa758b1315d39b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"048ca580e0324ea0210e843fadf623b3660286cf298303e5d3fae6f5a87c996e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1209.1011","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.1011","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.1011v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.1011","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ASGKLAHAGJHK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ASGKLAHA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIOQQ7235RDWN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.1011","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2012-09-05T15:18:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.CT"],"title_canon_sha256":"22d0bbb65c22db239923328fef6bc5ef29f75330b9a09632ec7e0fdd3b398889","abstract_canon_sha256":"43e85c069e78bcd1890d3c982cfd6cb397282cd3f168d269cbaa758b1315d39b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"048ca580e0324ea0210e843fadf623b3660286cf298303e5d3fae6f5a87c996e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15.685380Z","signature_b64":"KubwUXKgEKDchDiHCzJ6Q8d4yFUKqnoM70JSg+87hiJILxIroumQO69FsbYnvcbroWAZYMEyxxUMG8sWyBpWBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"048ca580e0324ea0210e843fadf623b3660286cf298303e5d3fae6f5a87c996e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15.684557Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15.684557Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1209.1011","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vdEueFoxoXFBbPn13IZX36gEIQC/+Rwa8KKqu9GNnwSfGWE7bJtE66R0K1LJzut+5T5izrb1v2x77ON0A0S3Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T06:50:08.651021Z"},"content_sha256":"d69a995700bd14fb6998daaaf405f89e5d9fa615923fb631ab74f5ee39db7672","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d69a995700bd14fb6998daaaf405f89e5d9fa615923fb631ab74f5ee39db7672"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIOQQ7235RDWN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Kleisli Database Instances","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.CT"],"primary_cat":"cs.DB","authors_text":"David I. Spivak","submitted_at":"2012-09-05T15:18:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"We use monads to relax the atomicity requirement for data in a database. Depending on the choice of monad, the database fields may contain generalized values such as lists or sets of values, or they may contain exceptions such as various types of nulls. The return operation for monads ensures that any ordinary database instance will count as one of these generalized instances, and the bind operation ensures that generalized values behave well under joins of foreign key sequences. Different monads allow for vastly different types of information to be stored in the database. For example, we show"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.1011","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sGd60m0Z79Q/Nuql4/k5mO3KhLdIEyZVWodWZ/YL7UsjhIrTySEUN2GGEhnCfMK31jmPBRfgVi5eBga0j7uZDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T06:50:08.651792Z"},"content_sha256":"03d81e199b268ae7a82395758d6a4ed98d3a3e99ade1ef73afa46318421d43ce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:03d81e199b268ae7a82395758d6a4ed98d3a3e99ade1ef73afa46318421d43ce"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIOQQ7235RDWN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIOQQ7235RDWN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIOQQ7235RDWN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T06:50:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIOQQ7235RDWN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIOQQ7235RDWN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIOQQ7235RDWN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIOQQ7235RDWN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIOQQ7235RDWN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"43e85c069e78bcd1890d3c982cfd6cb397282cd3f168d269cbaa758b1315d39b","cross_cats_sorted":["math.CT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2012-09-05T15:18:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"22d0bbb65c22db239923328fef6bc5ef29f75330b9a09632ec7e0fdd3b398889"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.1011","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.1011","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.1011v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.1011","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ASGKLAHAGJHK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ASGKLAHAGJHKAIIO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ASGKLAHA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:03d81e199b268ae7a82395758d6a4ed98d3a3e99ade1ef73afa46318421d43ce","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We use monads to relax the atomicity requirement for data in a database. Depending on the choice of monad, the database fields may contain generalized values such as lists or sets of values, or they may contain exceptions such as various types of nulls. The return operation for monads ensures that any ordinary database instance will count as one of these generalized instances, and the bind operation ensures that generalized values behave well under joins of foreign key sequences. Different monads allow for vastly different types of information to be stored in the database. For example, we show","authors_text":"David I. Spivak","cross_cats":["math.CT"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2012-09-05T15:18:35Z","title":"Kleisli Database Instances"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.1011","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d69a995700bd14fb6998daaaf405f89e5d9fa615923fb631ab74f5ee39db7672","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"43e85c069e78bcd1890d3c982cfd6cb397282cd3f168d269cbaa758b1315d39b","cross_cats_sorted":["math.CT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2012-09-05T15:18:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"22d0bbb65c22db239923328fef6bc5ef29f75330b9a09632ec7e0fdd3b398889"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.1011","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"048ca580e0324ea0210e843fadf623b3660286cf298303e5d3fae6f5a87c996e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"048ca580e0324ea0210e843fadf623b3660286cf298303e5d3fae6f5a87c996e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15.684557Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15.684557Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KubwUXKgEKDchDiHCzJ6Q8d4yFUKqnoM70JSg+87hiJILxIroumQO69FsbYnvcbroWAZYMEyxxUMG8sWyBpWBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:46:15.685380Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1209.1011","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d69a995700bd14fb6998daaaf405f89e5d9fa615923fb631ab74f5ee39db7672","sha256:03d81e199b268ae7a82395758d6a4ed98d3a3e99ade1ef73afa46318421d43ce"],"state_sha256":"f43c09665962313cbf9d0ed195d69e406256ca6de2da9db32df81bc8920f090b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u0VPYOOos0P2U8FS9qmlt3qmU6B6IdMWYkACcLL67ix4jv3Py9Y1l/3I2TkIlukobmKw8CaEe7wKGVL/DAGTCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T06:50:08.659349Z","bundle_sha256":"65b4d94c5e0ed83fe05afabe6028ea3577fbbf4b2781306e4f187ecfbff0995b"}}