{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:ATURPM3JGDKTQR5LQ53S7KAYIN","short_pith_number":"pith:ATURPM3J","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.10346","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-03-19T16:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"c13b50acaeee363c6a1a62bce3af8cf5532f8ce55317d0fef006e103547c40fd","abstract_canon_sha256":"2a13614ead43dfff43e3e19327d02af51661d825c6f2212367d9ff804afffa74"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"04e917b36930d53847ab87772fa818436c6f47df77756faf21066bf94114289c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2203.10346","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.10346","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.10346v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.10346","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ATURPM3JGDKT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ATURPM3JGDKTQR5L","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ATURPM3J","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:ATURPM3JGDKTQR5LQ53S7KAYIN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.10346","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-03-19T16:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"c13b50acaeee363c6a1a62bce3af8cf5532f8ce55317d0fef006e103547c40fd","abstract_canon_sha256":"2a13614ead43dfff43e3e19327d02af51661d825c6f2212367d9ff804afffa74"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"04e917b36930d53847ab87772fa818436c6f47df77756faf21066bf94114289c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51.995207Z","signature_b64":"YObxnLjzhGqy9MEcQcrTeFGdVN4WAGxhnPad5LcOAA9qx7GjK7jxN1q33EKoR3W1retEqww3ACwGXVpKfFCoDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"04e917b36930d53847ab87772fa818436c6f47df77756faf21066bf94114289c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51.994809Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51.994809Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2203.10346","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"llhFoIeYtqj7CMrx1xV9uhZCfPHawSk1dzRvxA29w0N8wUWzou3gfDgon30E/gJlFGGO94GFR7o8dhuOVEBlAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:32:13.240411Z"},"content_sha256":"8f74852ccf861b7c44af204752381e804016952bc6d4740ad324f7a11bfb3386","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8f74852ccf861b7c44af204752381e804016952bc6d4740ad324f7a11bfb3386"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:ATURPM3JGDKTQR5LQ53S7KAYIN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Perturbations in the Wild: Leveraging Human-Written Text Perturbations for Realistic Adversarial Attack and Defense","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Dongwon Lee, Jooyoung Lee, Kevin Yen, Thai Le, Yifan Hu","submitted_at":"2022-03-19T16:00:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"We proposes a novel algorithm, ANTHRO, that inductively extracts over 600K human-written text perturbations in the wild and leverages them for realistic adversarial attack. Unlike existing character-based attacks which often deductively hypothesize a set of manipulation strategies, our work is grounded on actual observations from real-world texts. We find that adversarial texts generated by ANTHRO achieve the best trade-off between (1) attack success rate, (2) semantic preservation of the original text, and (3) stealthiness--i.e. indistinguishable from human writings hence harder to be flagged"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.10346","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2203.10346/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iBL/cIYitKCpMR8e+NoEudyei4+UJefattzpFUNHBDbRTuamDAbiUyh3IDUyV1PmDxyfbTnYX8cF0vVC7FEPAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:32:13.240932Z"},"content_sha256":"b7045afbc72eca9e629e95a6ddbe5211b6001c661718d9cab5bd0004038d2662","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b7045afbc72eca9e629e95a6ddbe5211b6001c661718d9cab5bd0004038d2662"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ATURPM3JGDKTQR5LQ53S7KAYIN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ATURPM3JGDKTQR5LQ53S7KAYIN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ATURPM3JGDKTQR5LQ53S7KAYIN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T23:32:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ATURPM3JGDKTQR5LQ53S7KAYIN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ATURPM3JGDKTQR5LQ53S7KAYIN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ATURPM3JGDKTQR5LQ53S7KAYIN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ATURPM3JGDKTQR5LQ53S7KAYIN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:ATURPM3JGDKTQR5LQ53S7KAYIN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2a13614ead43dfff43e3e19327d02af51661d825c6f2212367d9ff804afffa74","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-03-19T16:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"c13b50acaeee363c6a1a62bce3af8cf5532f8ce55317d0fef006e103547c40fd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.10346","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.10346","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.10346v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.10346","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ATURPM3JGDKT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ATURPM3JGDKTQR5L","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ATURPM3J","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b7045afbc72eca9e629e95a6ddbe5211b6001c661718d9cab5bd0004038d2662","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2203.10346/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We proposes a novel algorithm, ANTHRO, that inductively extracts over 600K human-written text perturbations in the wild and leverages them for realistic adversarial attack. Unlike existing character-based attacks which often deductively hypothesize a set of manipulation strategies, our work is grounded on actual observations from real-world texts. We find that adversarial texts generated by ANTHRO achieve the best trade-off between (1) attack success rate, (2) semantic preservation of the original text, and (3) stealthiness--i.e. indistinguishable from human writings hence harder to be flagged","authors_text":"Dongwon Lee, Jooyoung Lee, Kevin Yen, Thai Le, Yifan Hu","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-03-19T16:00:01Z","title":"Perturbations in the Wild: Leveraging Human-Written Text Perturbations for Realistic Adversarial Attack and Defense"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.10346","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8f74852ccf861b7c44af204752381e804016952bc6d4740ad324f7a11bfb3386","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2a13614ead43dfff43e3e19327d02af51661d825c6f2212367d9ff804afffa74","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-03-19T16:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"c13b50acaeee363c6a1a62bce3af8cf5532f8ce55317d0fef006e103547c40fd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.10346","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"04e917b36930d53847ab87772fa818436c6f47df77756faf21066bf94114289c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"04e917b36930d53847ab87772fa818436c6f47df77756faf21066bf94114289c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51.994809Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51.994809Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YObxnLjzhGqy9MEcQcrTeFGdVN4WAGxhnPad5LcOAA9qx7GjK7jxN1q33EKoR3W1retEqww3ACwGXVpKfFCoDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:06:51.995207Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2203.10346","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8f74852ccf861b7c44af204752381e804016952bc6d4740ad324f7a11bfb3386","sha256:b7045afbc72eca9e629e95a6ddbe5211b6001c661718d9cab5bd0004038d2662"],"state_sha256":"b0b834724c75796ee096e0e2b815c07f73eb3072827f831f2fb728a9667218b3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vLdd51Qr8WLntx3sP091KWFxPCu2EbDZlC09Frjc7lrPl9nkFG1LM7smJ8cKTa1SbrZPDAh08bsTwtXarNs7Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:32:13.246776Z","bundle_sha256":"76a8d1e4ed53de4149e13476adcf2b57339b91f84ffc0bb85e5b16f97e9c2fb2"}}