{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:ATXHXYAHXFA66PSCTLANT76245","short_pith_number":"pith:ATXHXYAH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.02284","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-03T08:07:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1c0e5116fffc2ead3265b347c0e2557caa03a3e0c955a71a7d4e95cf3bf74172","abstract_canon_sha256":"b7cc114e49423d7e1b80b101cd1a8962c2be19f001fec6a7419c122c2a77a863"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"04ee7be007b941ef3e429ac0d9ffdae7714f7418ea2c2ce8d07fe78dd0a48833","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2410.02284","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.02284","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.02284v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.02284","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ATXHXYAHXFA6","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ATXHXYAHXFA66PSC","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ATXHXYAH","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:ATXHXYAHXFA66PSCTLANT76245","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.02284","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-03T08:07:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1c0e5116fffc2ead3265b347c0e2557caa03a3e0c955a71a7d4e95cf3bf74172","abstract_canon_sha256":"b7cc114e49423d7e1b80b101cd1a8962c2be19f001fec6a7419c122c2a77a863"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"04ee7be007b941ef3e429ac0d9ffdae7714f7418ea2c2ce8d07fe78dd0a48833","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18.786728Z","signature_b64":"pQsF2f8NenEJiG2mkCUQo+KnUvo8tLWt2hIBDA0kfrS0D6xNMXpb8cvLW6JM32FKHcnQzhWYl418UApV8eNjDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"04ee7be007b941ef3e429ac0d9ffdae7714f7418ea2c2ce8d07fe78dd0a48833","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18.786273Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18.786273Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2410.02284","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iV7dvvJNXW7T9yvm3z+K6WbNLmBSnaqi+ICt3WGDE6622VDzzRgJri5yUhElhHFlTX+lZtSSQKh3kZUe+VRDBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:32:43.808317Z"},"content_sha256":"6d1a1014c101a6096bb2db54b666efadb5bc024b77058198fed48b52b5707af6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6d1a1014c101a6096bb2db54b666efadb5bc024b77058198fed48b52b5707af6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:ATXHXYAHXFA66PSCTLANT76245","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Correlation and Navigation in the Vocabulary Key Representation Space of Language Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Chenyang An, Jingbo Shang, Letian Peng","submitted_at":"2024-10-03T08:07:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Language model (LM) decoding is based on the next-token prediction (NTP) probability distribution. For neural LMs (e.g., Transformer-based), NTP distribution is essentially a softmax-regularized dot product between an encoded input context (query) and fixed vocabulary representations (keys). In this paper, we study the effect of the key distribution on the NTP distribution, with a focus on whether the similarity between keys will trigger spurious correlations in NTP. Through knowledge-probing tasks, we show that in the NTP distribution, the few top-ranked tokens are typically accurate. However"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.02284","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2410.02284/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Rg9bT06qHdeASzveQPNgWeMGY95FaaVT8mLtJ7e8amcEgS2ggBQLIdQuP/8XGfVc008LIeTaZY7Lg5yQ1EJgBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:32:43.808813Z"},"content_sha256":"bd3cdabe7e9f8e1815ed3f59cd4ce4b9b88ece13b873b5e1cc85eb45f71b5d62","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bd3cdabe7e9f8e1815ed3f59cd4ce4b9b88ece13b873b5e1cc85eb45f71b5d62"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ATXHXYAHXFA66PSCTLANT76245/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ATXHXYAHXFA66PSCTLANT76245/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ATXHXYAHXFA66PSCTLANT76245/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T21:32:43Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ATXHXYAHXFA66PSCTLANT76245","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ATXHXYAHXFA66PSCTLANT76245/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ATXHXYAHXFA66PSCTLANT76245/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ATXHXYAHXFA66PSCTLANT76245/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:ATXHXYAHXFA66PSCTLANT76245","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b7cc114e49423d7e1b80b101cd1a8962c2be19f001fec6a7419c122c2a77a863","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-03T08:07:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"1c0e5116fffc2ead3265b347c0e2557caa03a3e0c955a71a7d4e95cf3bf74172"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.02284","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.02284","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.02284v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.02284","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ATXHXYAHXFA6","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ATXHXYAHXFA66PSC","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ATXHXYAH","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bd3cdabe7e9f8e1815ed3f59cd4ce4b9b88ece13b873b5e1cc85eb45f71b5d62","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2410.02284/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Language model (LM) decoding is based on the next-token prediction (NTP) probability distribution. For neural LMs (e.g., Transformer-based), NTP distribution is essentially a softmax-regularized dot product between an encoded input context (query) and fixed vocabulary representations (keys). In this paper, we study the effect of the key distribution on the NTP distribution, with a focus on whether the similarity between keys will trigger spurious correlations in NTP. Through knowledge-probing tasks, we show that in the NTP distribution, the few top-ranked tokens are typically accurate. However","authors_text":"Chenyang An, Jingbo Shang, Letian Peng","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-03T08:07:55Z","title":"Correlation and Navigation in the Vocabulary Key Representation Space of Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.02284","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6d1a1014c101a6096bb2db54b666efadb5bc024b77058198fed48b52b5707af6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b7cc114e49423d7e1b80b101cd1a8962c2be19f001fec6a7419c122c2a77a863","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-03T08:07:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"1c0e5116fffc2ead3265b347c0e2557caa03a3e0c955a71a7d4e95cf3bf74172"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.02284","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"04ee7be007b941ef3e429ac0d9ffdae7714f7418ea2c2ce8d07fe78dd0a48833","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"04ee7be007b941ef3e429ac0d9ffdae7714f7418ea2c2ce8d07fe78dd0a48833","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18.786273Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18.786273Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pQsF2f8NenEJiG2mkCUQo+KnUvo8tLWt2hIBDA0kfrS0D6xNMXpb8cvLW6JM32FKHcnQzhWYl418UApV8eNjDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:15:18.786728Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2410.02284","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6d1a1014c101a6096bb2db54b666efadb5bc024b77058198fed48b52b5707af6","sha256:bd3cdabe7e9f8e1815ed3f59cd4ce4b9b88ece13b873b5e1cc85eb45f71b5d62"],"state_sha256":"cf70a785cc0cd01903b4a9ca865729cd7933be7e420b0d2fd4154a0da7512405"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/yHcmWLXykdRYdqdq5fcitX2zk89Ccl816+OWG3YpjK4bIGFIr8yAP7NKm1aCimAmeIOaGeHT3B/OAbg1AiEAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:32:43.813404Z","bundle_sha256":"bb79e6275fe777a390ee77425fadced35a1b361955ef36303f8a739603d6e3e8"}}