{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQJSORN2GVDU","short_pith_number":"pith:AU5ZVWEJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.0735","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2014-10-03T01:11:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dd8b14787a986496d2347bd96f59af27df589d9a23ff703197b8c50bf60fd0a7","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b99a212e8eba756e664a124bd8abff8628224a30166a74dab42a080f37fd97f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"053b9ad889a1b05b10704c9d16e8d51d3b1d2dabc69b7a31d5be373cea1493ec","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1410.0735","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.0735","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.0735v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.0735","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AU5ZVWEJUGYF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AU5ZVWEJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQJSORN2GVDU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.0735","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2014-10-03T01:11:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dd8b14787a986496d2347bd96f59af27df589d9a23ff703197b8c50bf60fd0a7","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b99a212e8eba756e664a124bd8abff8628224a30166a74dab42a080f37fd97f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"053b9ad889a1b05b10704c9d16e8d51d3b1d2dabc69b7a31d5be373cea1493ec","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09.777503Z","signature_b64":"re20711fc/oixpmk3Lw5jgsQGo3V3dr2AtBm5Z10FaT2v5X30d3Tawe7wSYMT4V2F3o+893iJwbD7qMI368cBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"053b9ad889a1b05b10704c9d16e8d51d3b1d2dabc69b7a31d5be373cea1493ec","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09.777100Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09.777100Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1410.0735","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cUBK47RAUjkMg1x5Vax6GJ22V8dTmnDxWJ3rQhMLSGEwHkS8D4uHH+hQYJ9pz0oCsNjeKk7Q1WfP/b5odl8hCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T17:01:24.366835Z"},"content_sha256":"56fa1da977ce8b7775ec8cb2d3dddd9f17723b5946b09c50d94bcad3a63af09f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:56fa1da977ce8b7775ec8cb2d3dddd9f17723b5946b09c50d94bcad3a63af09f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQJSORN2GVDU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Large-scale Spatiotemporal Characterization of Inconsistencies in the World's Largest Firewall","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Abdullah Mueen, Jedidiah R. Crandall, Philipp Winter, Roya Ensafi","submitted_at":"2014-10-03T01:11:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"A nation-scale firewall, colloquially referred to as the \"Great Firewall of China,\" implements many different types of censorship and content filtering to control China's Internet traffic. Past work has shown that the firewall occasionally fails. In other words, sometimes clients in China are able to reach blacklisted servers outside of China. This phenomenon has not yet been characterized because it is infeasible to find a large and geographically diverse set of clients in China from which to test connectivity.\n  In this paper, we overcome this challenge by using hybrid idle scan techniques t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.0735","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UYl5hZqZHWVoZg3h8kyAgQHipr5qUevO8il21/BrTpj4xbN6JToOtbNqDYkPdYOPc+0wFg5rItskDva+GGT0Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T17:01:24.367539Z"},"content_sha256":"e3309645385fb76fed93a2aae936395680b16702c8909eba79f330e829349498","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e3309645385fb76fed93a2aae936395680b16702c8909eba79f330e829349498"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQJSORN2GVDU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQJSORN2GVDU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQJSORN2GVDU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T17:01:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQJSORN2GVDU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQJSORN2GVDU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQJSORN2GVDU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQJSORN2GVDU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQJSORN2GVDU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b99a212e8eba756e664a124bd8abff8628224a30166a74dab42a080f37fd97f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2014-10-03T01:11:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"dd8b14787a986496d2347bd96f59af27df589d9a23ff703197b8c50bf60fd0a7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.0735","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.0735","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.0735v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.0735","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AU5ZVWEJUGYF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AU5ZVWEJUGYFWEDQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AU5ZVWEJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e3309645385fb76fed93a2aae936395680b16702c8909eba79f330e829349498","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A nation-scale firewall, colloquially referred to as the \"Great Firewall of China,\" implements many different types of censorship and content filtering to control China's Internet traffic. Past work has shown that the firewall occasionally fails. In other words, sometimes clients in China are able to reach blacklisted servers outside of China. This phenomenon has not yet been characterized because it is infeasible to find a large and geographically diverse set of clients in China from which to test connectivity.\n  In this paper, we overcome this challenge by using hybrid idle scan techniques t","authors_text":"Abdullah Mueen, Jedidiah R. Crandall, Philipp Winter, Roya Ensafi","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2014-10-03T01:11:24Z","title":"Large-scale Spatiotemporal Characterization of Inconsistencies in the World's Largest Firewall"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.0735","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:56fa1da977ce8b7775ec8cb2d3dddd9f17723b5946b09c50d94bcad3a63af09f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b99a212e8eba756e664a124bd8abff8628224a30166a74dab42a080f37fd97f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2014-10-03T01:11:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"dd8b14787a986496d2347bd96f59af27df589d9a23ff703197b8c50bf60fd0a7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.0735","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"053b9ad889a1b05b10704c9d16e8d51d3b1d2dabc69b7a31d5be373cea1493ec","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"053b9ad889a1b05b10704c9d16e8d51d3b1d2dabc69b7a31d5be373cea1493ec","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09.777100Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09.777100Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"re20711fc/oixpmk3Lw5jgsQGo3V3dr2AtBm5Z10FaT2v5X30d3Tawe7wSYMT4V2F3o+893iJwbD7qMI368cBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:41:09.777503Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1410.0735","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:56fa1da977ce8b7775ec8cb2d3dddd9f17723b5946b09c50d94bcad3a63af09f","sha256:e3309645385fb76fed93a2aae936395680b16702c8909eba79f330e829349498"],"state_sha256":"bb6bbc9e5f77d91e803bdc0063397c5e78b581a79e59101df9f120d259c832b6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lWaxxYj7Y7eU0N1rdXUIHSqkhW2foDz54IpvedeTplt7zqbjn9XwXN4hS16UVAsF8bUY7mLkZ2QpOWsgLv10Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T17:01:24.371260Z","bundle_sha256":"1d69ae47927a19577805efedf6b588f5956368ca0a8bf8740b8eacf34ffe99f7"}}