{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKPH57DTALDJC","short_pith_number":"pith:AU7MGBZQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2005.07778","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2020-05-15T20:58:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"title_canon_sha256":"e10d0ac86a631b12143bf420936cd44985ec4fa1832bda53c57cb537bf3ed920","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b1e0f0b8ea7cc1f6c429eae461dabf25eec31f1e49c47016a9ac68285ac05c7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"053ec307307e88791d4f3f7e3981634893b98a0b786149a8ccec0349d655f4e1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2005.07778","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2005.07778","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2005.07778v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2005.07778","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AU7MGBZQP2EH","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AU7MGBZQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKPH57DTALDJC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2005.07778","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2020-05-15T20:58:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"title_canon_sha256":"e10d0ac86a631b12143bf420936cd44985ec4fa1832bda53c57cb537bf3ed920","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b1e0f0b8ea7cc1f6c429eae461dabf25eec31f1e49c47016a9ac68285ac05c7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"053ec307307e88791d4f3f7e3981634893b98a0b786149a8ccec0349d655f4e1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49.653040Z","signature_b64":"hkN9vaXeNewCTHZGAdaMkAjFWiUy4liBFkP4b2b4Fhr1tmzn/wmE4dh2RbSyMDONBIyy2HqHtsfvpkw1FfFZBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"053ec307307e88791d4f3f7e3981634893b98a0b786149a8ccec0349d655f4e1","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49.652548Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49.652548Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2005.07778","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"g9IAqhT9bucfAgBl0KnLtTGiHcUKfg+ZACRH4Q/PsXgCz5KrGRw1g0iOSQfDWl1fknbclznVWIdJ81TLqixHAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T06:13:46.948169Z"},"content_sha256":"51509e132f9d2189b4f0b1c197808dc9cbf47e9edddded407d9456db22594171","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:51509e132f9d2189b4f0b1c197808dc9cbf47e9edddded407d9456db22594171"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKPH57DTALDJC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Access Control for Distributed Ledgers in the Internet of Things: A Networking Approach","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DB"],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Andrew Cullen, Luigi Vigneri, Pietro Ferraro, Robert Shorten, William Sanders","submitted_at":"2020-05-15T20:58:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"In the Internet of Things (IoT) domain, devices need a platform to transact seamlessly without a trusted intermediary. Although Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) could provide such a platform, blockchains, such as Bitcoin, were not designed with IoT networks in mind, hence are often unsuitable for such applications: they offer poor transaction throughput and confirmation times, put stress on constrained computing and storage resources, and require high transaction fees. In this work, we consider a class of IoT-friendly DLTs based on directed acyclic graphs, rather than a blockchain, and w"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2005.07778","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2005.07778/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DeXwjFgkrajeO8JxYBIspGFXjzakR5N1ubHlt+L+aBBlHKgVsSDJcyPfhk1nOfKFD7vfWP5C8NqgPjbCp2svAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T06:13:46.949117Z"},"content_sha256":"c9f59f66a191f45456b0315d549f08e815f05cb5847a29085e7d1f1fe487a9fc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c9f59f66a191f45456b0315d549f08e815f05cb5847a29085e7d1f1fe487a9fc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKPH57DTALDJC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKPH57DTALDJC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKPH57DTALDJC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T06:13:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKPH57DTALDJC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKPH57DTALDJC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKPH57DTALDJC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKPH57DTALDJC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKPH57DTALDJC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b1e0f0b8ea7cc1f6c429eae461dabf25eec31f1e49c47016a9ac68285ac05c7","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2020-05-15T20:58:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"e10d0ac86a631b12143bf420936cd44985ec4fa1832bda53c57cb537bf3ed920"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2005.07778","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2005.07778","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2005.07778v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2005.07778","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AU7MGBZQP2EH","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AU7MGBZQP2EHSHKP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AU7MGBZQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c9f59f66a191f45456b0315d549f08e815f05cb5847a29085e7d1f1fe487a9fc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2005.07778/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In the Internet of Things (IoT) domain, devices need a platform to transact seamlessly without a trusted intermediary. Although Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) could provide such a platform, blockchains, such as Bitcoin, were not designed with IoT networks in mind, hence are often unsuitable for such applications: they offer poor transaction throughput and confirmation times, put stress on constrained computing and storage resources, and require high transaction fees. In this work, we consider a class of IoT-friendly DLTs based on directed acyclic graphs, rather than a blockchain, and w","authors_text":"Andrew Cullen, Luigi Vigneri, Pietro Ferraro, Robert Shorten, William Sanders","cross_cats":["cs.DB"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2020-05-15T20:58:29Z","title":"Access Control for Distributed Ledgers in the Internet of Things: A Networking Approach"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2005.07778","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:51509e132f9d2189b4f0b1c197808dc9cbf47e9edddded407d9456db22594171","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b1e0f0b8ea7cc1f6c429eae461dabf25eec31f1e49c47016a9ac68285ac05c7","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2020-05-15T20:58:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"e10d0ac86a631b12143bf420936cd44985ec4fa1832bda53c57cb537bf3ed920"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2005.07778","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"053ec307307e88791d4f3f7e3981634893b98a0b786149a8ccec0349d655f4e1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"053ec307307e88791d4f3f7e3981634893b98a0b786149a8ccec0349d655f4e1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49.652548Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49.652548Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hkN9vaXeNewCTHZGAdaMkAjFWiUy4liBFkP4b2b4Fhr1tmzn/wmE4dh2RbSyMDONBIyy2HqHtsfvpkw1FfFZBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:57:49.653040Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2005.07778","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:51509e132f9d2189b4f0b1c197808dc9cbf47e9edddded407d9456db22594171","sha256:c9f59f66a191f45456b0315d549f08e815f05cb5847a29085e7d1f1fe487a9fc"],"state_sha256":"d167e20e592ddbbb0f117d560f59c8bc01b583376219573133a2719f09b8525a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qIlWx90CZWJZKnGp4QUSTG6al6wW036upU4pKtlEWOKPmpJclY2glxXjnrEQ7tX8S9Dea0vm/Q9gh6pgzUgoBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T06:13:46.953820Z","bundle_sha256":"e437614b00e94682a83890f1e949c5bd066263fbb91c1c50247f3b4f9f3b885d"}}