{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3","short_pith_number":"pith:AUI7UPGG","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"0511fa3cc620fad745ef6159203edb56dced22fc47031fc86a3f570c56d7158d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2604.01109","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"High-symmetry ill-fitting subunits in 3D form aggregates of all dimensions","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"Ill-fitting deformable subunits in three dimensions self-assemble into clusters, filaments, layers or bulks depending on adhesivity and elasticity.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Elena N. Govorun, Martin Lenz","submitted_at":"2026-04-01T16:34:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Proteins can combine into functional elements in living cells or self-assemble into unwanted structures in a number of diseases. The resulting aggregates often display filamentous morphologies across a large range of protein shapes and molecular interactions. This has led to the suggestion that filament formation could be a generic outcome of the aggregation of geometrically complex, ill-fitting objects, although such a mechanism has not been demonstrated in three dimensions. To address this problem, we theoretically study the self-assembly of three-dimensional identical, ill-fitting deformabl"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":true,"formal_links_present":true},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2604.01109","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2026-04-01T16:34:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"44d87052ad7aeada28f135b2151e99d398547b376995c3cc0dac8cfc1fb784fa","abstract_canon_sha256":"db3273c0f0b37e685aab1e55f5fb746cbb4034b24fb59f1efe6df484d63076e0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:40.733492Z","signature_b64":"hVcH7eMf82hxBlYP91obiuC6oNb4B3835fTtJCN7jvy3iKeMkEnCHr2gInVbXpnCPuSpPnTlJ5474NUPnIxYBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0511fa3cc620fad745ef6159203edb56dced22fc47031fc86a3f570c56d7158d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:40.732674Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:40.732674Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"High-symmetry ill-fitting subunits in 3D form aggregates of all dimensions","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"Ill-fitting deformable subunits in three dimensions self-assemble into clusters, filaments, layers or bulks depending on adhesivity and elasticity.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Elena N. Govorun, Martin Lenz","submitted_at":"2026-04-01T16:34:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Proteins can combine into functional elements in living cells or self-assemble into unwanted structures in a number of diseases. The resulting aggregates often display filamentous morphologies across a large range of protein shapes and molecular interactions. This has led to the suggestion that filament formation could be a generic outcome of the aggregation of geometrically complex, ill-fitting objects, although such a mechanism has not been demonstrated in three dimensions. To address this problem, we theoretically study the self-assembly of three-dimensional identical, ill-fitting deformabl"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"We find that zero-dimensional clusters, three-dimensional bulks as well as symmetry-broken one-dimensional filaments and two-dimensional layers can all form depending on assembly parameters. Poorly compressible, moderately adhesive subunits favor filaments.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The mechanics of the self-assembling subunits can be mapped onto those of two incompatible, interconnected networks to analytically predict ground state morphologies as a function of adhesivity and elasticity.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Ill-fitting 3D deformable subunits self-assemble into clusters, filaments, layers or bulks, with filaments favored by poorly compressible moderately adhesive subunits.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Ill-fitting deformable subunits in three dimensions self-assemble into clusters, filaments, layers or bulks depending on adhesivity and elasticity.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"24882f4fea73e602c9615ad59826d72ab0ba1eaab61041dde004c74a11bd5520"},"source":{"id":"2604.01109","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":"ad25bdbc-7369-494b-b11c-54804c6b0994","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T17:48:19.644130Z","strongest_claim":"We find that zero-dimensional clusters, three-dimensional bulks as well as symmetry-broken one-dimensional filaments and two-dimensional layers can all form depending on assembly parameters. Poorly compressible, moderately adhesive subunits favor filaments.","one_line_summary":"Ill-fitting 3D deformable subunits self-assemble into clusters, filaments, layers or bulks, with filaments favored by poorly compressible moderately adhesive subunits.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The mechanics of the self-assembling subunits can be mapped onto those of two incompatible, interconnected networks to analytically predict ground state morphologies as a function of adhesivity and elasticity.","pith_extraction_headline":"Ill-fitting deformable subunits in three dimensions self-assemble into clusters, filaments, layers or bulks depending on adhesivity and elasticity."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2604.01109/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":50,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2022,"title":"I. Mizrahi, R. B ruinsma and J. Rudnick, Spanning tree model and the assembly kinetics of RNA viruses, Phys. Rev. E, 2022, 106, 044405","work_id":"d3191e97-d29e-48b2-a7bf-6fc5175222a1","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2015,"title":"L. E. Perotti, A. Aggarwal, J. Rudnick, R. Bruinsma, and W. S. Klug, Elasticity theory of the maturation of viral capsids, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 2015, 77, 86","work_id":"bb0837ae-0c59-4336-b529-50e2240f5e4e","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2015,"title":"J. D. Perlmutter and M. F. Hagan, Mechanisms of Virus Assembly, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2015, 66, 217","work_id":"5ca9709d-417e-470a-89aa-1b14f323aba0","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2015,"title":"R. F. Bruinsma and W. S. Klug, Physics of viral shells, Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. , 2015, 6, 245","work_id":"cac4d512-c580-4592-92cf-879b56ae13e9","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2019,"title":"P. Alam, L. Bousset, R. Melki, and D. E. Otzen, α -synuclein oligomers and fibrils: a spectrum of species, a spectrum of toxicities, J. Neurochem., 2019, 150, 522","work_id":"4e8ec446-c027-400a-b5e4-f282cd990e22","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":50,"snapshot_sha256":"8109da91bcfd3c0f9bfffd577dc29dbb5df3bbdb2f233749a7cad471fdccda7b","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"e46d485466e79bbfabcd1ecf31800714e8274c69bebb561709382365628f4a83"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2604.01109","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:40.732776+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2604.01109v3","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:40.732776+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2604.01109","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:40.732776+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AUI7UPGGED5N","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:40.732776+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AUI7UPGGED5NORPP","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:40.732776+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AUI7UPGG","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:40.732776+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3","json":"https://pith.science/pith/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/AUI7UPGG"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/AUI7UPGG","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2604.01109&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/AUI7UPGGED5NORPPMFMSAPW3K3/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:40.732776+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:40.732776+00:00"}