{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI3PDB7IROWO","short_pith_number":"pith:AVRGGDYT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.11891","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"39e83d573154310fe82500457849ea7d61b8c424519e1a119203588e4f9f2a8f","abstract_canon_sha256":"21fb008ceb564178dcd8ac25d99b0c6fb0d3e8e05cc618eff82956ccae5e00a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0562630f13d102534048dbc61fa22eb3a37a79e8a04800f3971b9200c9ac0aca","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2408.11891","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.11891","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.11891v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.11891","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AVRGGDYT2EBF","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AVRGGDYT","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI3PDB7IROWO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.11891","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"39e83d573154310fe82500457849ea7d61b8c424519e1a119203588e4f9f2a8f","abstract_canon_sha256":"21fb008ceb564178dcd8ac25d99b0c6fb0d3e8e05cc618eff82956ccae5e00a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0562630f13d102534048dbc61fa22eb3a37a79e8a04800f3971b9200c9ac0aca","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34.055774Z","signature_b64":"GG4cnLGXbJBrXi3r2fm01B9QpjLmvpJ+BtpnVixAczSxF5nTF3ZtZjOpr1nOU2WhFbg/zNtFeEtIYFZxEfDBBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0562630f13d102534048dbc61fa22eb3a37a79e8a04800f3971b9200c9ac0aca","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34.055208Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34.055208Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2408.11891","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tQBAN9d69bRt06wY9JWMA/X/5ILKgTx+lHbnIylm8DGFZjgQfyFtiKOblMtzVDGoaTm0ntnhGiGAxPEe66HnAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T06:49:20.735730Z"},"content_sha256":"23d236e122ac89b1d3a66dee5fed9977af13f647683d6ae37d270e1db4baf3ed","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:23d236e122ac89b1d3a66dee5fed9977af13f647683d6ae37d270e1db4baf3ed"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI3PDB7IROWO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Surface Kinematics and \"The\" Yang-Mills Integrand","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Carolina Figueiredo, Jin Dong, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Qu Cao, Song He","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T18:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"It has been a long-standing challenge to define a canonical loop integrand for non-supersymmetric gluon scattering amplitudes in the planar limit. Naive integrands are inflicted with $1/0$ ambiguities associated with tadpoles and massless external bubbles, which destroy integrand-level gauge invariance as well as consistent on-shell factorization on single loop-cuts. In this letter, we show that this essentially kinematical obstruction to defining \"the\" integrand for Yang-Mills theory has a structural solution, handed to us by the formulation of gluon amplitudes in terms of curves on surfaces."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.11891","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2408.11891/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DvP9YIli0ijBZIrK8Uk9N/s9yOqwfVkRhlJYf0Rp5m2cAoSpAG1uxhi42m8q8gbuUou6bgzchC4sD7bCNB9sCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T06:49:20.736213Z"},"content_sha256":"b01a3323f15147db0b08376bb16fc847dac79ae3c61834edbfd092ccaf20a070","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b01a3323f15147db0b08376bb16fc847dac79ae3c61834edbfd092ccaf20a070"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI3PDB7IROWO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI3PDB7IROWO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI3PDB7IROWO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T06:49:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI3PDB7IROWO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI3PDB7IROWO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI3PDB7IROWO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI3PDB7IROWO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI3PDB7IROWO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"21fb008ceb564178dcd8ac25d99b0c6fb0d3e8e05cc618eff82956ccae5e00a5","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"39e83d573154310fe82500457849ea7d61b8c424519e1a119203588e4f9f2a8f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.11891","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.11891","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.11891v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.11891","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AVRGGDYT2EBF","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AVRGGDYT2EBFGQCI","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AVRGGDYT","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b01a3323f15147db0b08376bb16fc847dac79ae3c61834edbfd092ccaf20a070","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2408.11891/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"It has been a long-standing challenge to define a canonical loop integrand for non-supersymmetric gluon scattering amplitudes in the planar limit. Naive integrands are inflicted with $1/0$ ambiguities associated with tadpoles and massless external bubbles, which destroy integrand-level gauge invariance as well as consistent on-shell factorization on single loop-cuts. In this letter, we show that this essentially kinematical obstruction to defining \"the\" integrand for Yang-Mills theory has a structural solution, handed to us by the formulation of gluon amplitudes in terms of curves on surfaces.","authors_text":"Carolina Figueiredo, Jin Dong, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Qu Cao, Song He","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T18:00:00Z","title":"Surface Kinematics and \"The\" Yang-Mills Integrand"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.11891","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:23d236e122ac89b1d3a66dee5fed9977af13f647683d6ae37d270e1db4baf3ed","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"21fb008ceb564178dcd8ac25d99b0c6fb0d3e8e05cc618eff82956ccae5e00a5","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2024-08-21T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"39e83d573154310fe82500457849ea7d61b8c424519e1a119203588e4f9f2a8f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.11891","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"0562630f13d102534048dbc61fa22eb3a37a79e8a04800f3971b9200c9ac0aca","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0562630f13d102534048dbc61fa22eb3a37a79e8a04800f3971b9200c9ac0aca","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34.055208Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34.055208Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"GG4cnLGXbJBrXi3r2fm01B9QpjLmvpJ+BtpnVixAczSxF5nTF3ZtZjOpr1nOU2WhFbg/zNtFeEtIYFZxEfDBBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:56:34.055774Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2408.11891","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:23d236e122ac89b1d3a66dee5fed9977af13f647683d6ae37d270e1db4baf3ed","sha256:b01a3323f15147db0b08376bb16fc847dac79ae3c61834edbfd092ccaf20a070"],"state_sha256":"e05ff627f6d6776b1991394233bed5ce237b9a154827ad21cbef1bde51d1ced8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"57DQWHIhpCyftzJ8UsIaPXci57mZ0tA99KoPvy+pSVs/De01ch/6SsuY+jzHUpKhTlYnZeJxP+aQTY1097QmCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T06:49:20.739543Z","bundle_sha256":"1dd8e26f1a16529b8df6da409a64b2aca8949a2ffd3aeae3d347c172e6403869"}}