{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36MLDQ7XXVWU","short_pith_number":"pith:AWO4W3PO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.00244","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2019-06-29T17:21:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"debc87ed996961d31574df790da0f521def75340c256a54f66bf97ed1453d0d5","abstract_canon_sha256":"3d870aa16f4caf13e822f857aeeee1675c72a9c8ba98eaba06ed647ba0441744"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"059dcb6deee67d2bab7e62c70fdef5b524349d8b9f3e2e4614ef9e2ab420fefc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1907.00244","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.00244","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.00244v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.00244","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AWO4W3PO4Z6S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AWO4W3PO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36MLDQ7XXVWU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.00244","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2019-06-29T17:21:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"debc87ed996961d31574df790da0f521def75340c256a54f66bf97ed1453d0d5","abstract_canon_sha256":"3d870aa16f4caf13e822f857aeeee1675c72a9c8ba98eaba06ed647ba0441744"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"059dcb6deee67d2bab7e62c70fdef5b524349d8b9f3e2e4614ef9e2ab420fefc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52.375752Z","signature_b64":"vRMWo7EGbqTn8Nd572+QHWvs81Xtcv473R09UlUa/bSdcf2Iw0Pi7YsyTNUcugGq1l1brbSRR2XpS82IU/dYCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"059dcb6deee67d2bab7e62c70fdef5b524349d8b9f3e2e4614ef9e2ab420fefc","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52.375074Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52.375074Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1907.00244","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8nScoDNG7HVE+cDfskQZQdNaflU96FTHmNywgWPk7ESLVzVShme3UxvqpiCy0nKaUXiEmH+siPfCexSfctpZDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T15:36:30.833480Z"},"content_sha256":"740ead84b45522534a71057b06052f9603d80dc1c120e47899d470ea6542346c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:740ead84b45522534a71057b06052f9603d80dc1c120e47899d470ea6542346c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36MLDQ7XXVWU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Empirical Evaluation of Two General Game Systems: Ludii and RBG","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Cameron Browne, Dennis J. N. J. Soemers, \\'Eric Piette, Matthew Stephenson","submitted_at":"2019-06-29T17:21:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"Although General Game Playing (GGP) systems can facilitate useful research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) for game-playing, they are often computationally inefficient and somewhat specialised to a specific class of games. However, since the start of this year, two General Game Systems have emerged that provide efficient alternatives to the academic state of the art -- the Game Description Language (GDL). In order of publication, these are the Regular Boardgames language (RBG), and the Ludii system. This paper offers an experimental evaluation of Ludii. Here, we focus mainly on a comparison be"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.00244","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Q5Wl6vxLzOGxSnSLmChI5KwLzbOx/zXqIYfCOG08X5WqN7YqDmMg6MzMDvk/f/wnwvpk9qHMeQWQ8/Jq+a8qDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T15:36:30.833824Z"},"content_sha256":"84cce7d668d4383e6a91ea9466345a84f775c2c0f69fefcd47e09f0e251785c2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:84cce7d668d4383e6a91ea9466345a84f775c2c0f69fefcd47e09f0e251785c2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36MLDQ7XXVWU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36MLDQ7XXVWU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36MLDQ7XXVWU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T15:36:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36MLDQ7XXVWU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36MLDQ7XXVWU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36MLDQ7XXVWU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36MLDQ7XXVWU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36MLDQ7XXVWU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3d870aa16f4caf13e822f857aeeee1675c72a9c8ba98eaba06ed647ba0441744","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2019-06-29T17:21:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"debc87ed996961d31574df790da0f521def75340c256a54f66bf97ed1453d0d5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.00244","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.00244","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.00244v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.00244","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AWO4W3PO4Z6S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AWO4W3PO4Z6SXK36","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AWO4W3PO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:84cce7d668d4383e6a91ea9466345a84f775c2c0f69fefcd47e09f0e251785c2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Although General Game Playing (GGP) systems can facilitate useful research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) for game-playing, they are often computationally inefficient and somewhat specialised to a specific class of games. However, since the start of this year, two General Game Systems have emerged that provide efficient alternatives to the academic state of the art -- the Game Description Language (GDL). In order of publication, these are the Regular Boardgames language (RBG), and the Ludii system. This paper offers an experimental evaluation of Ludii. Here, we focus mainly on a comparison be","authors_text":"Cameron Browne, Dennis J. N. J. Soemers, \\'Eric Piette, Matthew Stephenson","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2019-06-29T17:21:40Z","title":"An Empirical Evaluation of Two General Game Systems: Ludii and RBG"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.00244","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:740ead84b45522534a71057b06052f9603d80dc1c120e47899d470ea6542346c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3d870aa16f4caf13e822f857aeeee1675c72a9c8ba98eaba06ed647ba0441744","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2019-06-29T17:21:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"debc87ed996961d31574df790da0f521def75340c256a54f66bf97ed1453d0d5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.00244","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"059dcb6deee67d2bab7e62c70fdef5b524349d8b9f3e2e4614ef9e2ab420fefc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"059dcb6deee67d2bab7e62c70fdef5b524349d8b9f3e2e4614ef9e2ab420fefc","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52.375074Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52.375074Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vRMWo7EGbqTn8Nd572+QHWvs81Xtcv473R09UlUa/bSdcf2Iw0Pi7YsyTNUcugGq1l1brbSRR2XpS82IU/dYCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:52.375752Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1907.00244","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:740ead84b45522534a71057b06052f9603d80dc1c120e47899d470ea6542346c","sha256:84cce7d668d4383e6a91ea9466345a84f775c2c0f69fefcd47e09f0e251785c2"],"state_sha256":"21d3e4fbc9fd04d9f88568ca0daa16a39687cb1d295c3067a9b574a9fb290d52"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QerxF6IQ5S+F7OzVVx3QYb5kbb5Med6kH/GdBuANz1gNJpx0PNXwr0k/b/2CNoILFhZ/lWaunVk18PadioOfAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T15:36:30.835733Z","bundle_sha256":"dd467901c4bd756b695608439452d3ce318ccf936cac96611f55789ea792552f"}}