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A welfare decomposition then identifies a closed-form per-period transfer from the protocol's LP pool to traders -- the privacy subsidy.","weakest_assumption":"The market maker is a committed Bayesian observer of order flow that has been perturbed by independent Gaussian privacy noise, and that a unique linear equilibrium exists under this observation model."}},"verdict_id":"24575eba-88ef-42f0-a73e-070b8b2c7e75"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4cf7518d1e059f155c3548f8589c6b36c069508291904d44ee2b8adef1590e09","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eb7aac487afef1c754a2fd7605b3fc1a2182f947f6a9b7aafc1aa1d4d0049607","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","math.PR","q-fin.TR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2026-05-15T08:56:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"cb659ae9f23692c7d834066c0a64b2a6bd513633dcb79938bcf6ed265de7d80b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.15746","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"05cb03fe50739eb043fb8cce80c6060ce33cf8d10a94652450bbde087ac5bd5d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"05cb03fe50739eb043fb8cce80c6060ce33cf8d10a94652450bbde087ac5bd5d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:16.001758Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:16.001758Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EUD7REbW7NDbs6BAfvpi8ifm7iUuxeCUhgObW0RBCK9hgAoj9gj8nHPEcdc3VUTWaMX3Ze+C62ftyH1IUsaxAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-20T00:01:16.002690Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.15746","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4cf7518d1e059f155c3548f8589c6b36c069508291904d44ee2b8adef1590e09","sha256:3982476a6f0cd05a1ebd770a50bc6b353611f90eada1ece7a0bdcbd7dcae0722"],"state_sha256":"8a87f23db3d013b6e8a3c1f352ab9d41b9be554c04a1d5c5a80073bb7c752842"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"grhNv3ns9YTQoHQ0R/5KQHGE+wFJjCgO194MUp2xVzflqMFoyjX7wL2CuoRUwaw6IPi8IyCvIiVoetMLhRtuCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T00:56:05.010437Z","bundle_sha256":"3e90b55d5fa916010d3fe780a54091ce6fa4c22a7297ac0beae0e48a8b88dde0"}}