{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCFFKMBDSL35W","short_pith_number":"pith:AY7LAV6D","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.10022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2018-10-23T18:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"42f663d21dd6efa0db95f6a81a938d06f1374e2bdd9c873f72fe872095e1037d","abstract_canon_sha256":"4c082129ce760b5e81a341d9115ee63744de7bb257ab315a42d565e653fc8bf9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"063eb057c3eb9fd8d0452a9811c97bed80b9e44b7ebe0941e27ec7385e281faf","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1810.10022","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.10022","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.10022v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.10022","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AY7LAV6D5OP5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AY7LAV6D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCFFKMBDSL35W","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.10022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2018-10-23T18:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"42f663d21dd6efa0db95f6a81a938d06f1374e2bdd9c873f72fe872095e1037d","abstract_canon_sha256":"4c082129ce760b5e81a341d9115ee63744de7bb257ab315a42d565e653fc8bf9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"063eb057c3eb9fd8d0452a9811c97bed80b9e44b7ebe0941e27ec7385e281faf","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40.854313Z","signature_b64":"s9wuVtgEQLxSf3kLZUCJwt+O8IXB+Ih6JXu9cgn+GQDtSZ8yfdzGfdHOkAGTaY2htZ7XqQlr+FLIwTOfRBbcDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"063eb057c3eb9fd8d0452a9811c97bed80b9e44b7ebe0941e27ec7385e281faf","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40.853832Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40.853832Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1810.10022","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fMwveW+bbKvu+aTuN/1YyxVSms/QUU0cs/CrRVoh4y7+Vvek2AU4+jfJv3Pe4H6oQXOlegcJ5V83BuCvASVxCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T09:44:12.482485Z"},"content_sha256":"cf98481225cc0a89d495545bd1a6a753b0c1cd68874249023f813aba450f20d6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cf98481225cc0a89d495545bd1a6a753b0c1cd68874249023f813aba450f20d6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCFFKMBDSL35W","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Infrared Finiteness and Forward Scattering","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Christopher Frye, Holmfridur Hannesdottir, Kai Yan, Matthew D. Schwartz, Nisarga Paul","submitted_at":"2018-10-23T18:00:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Infrared divergences have long been heralded to cancel in sufficiently inclusive cross-sections, according to the famous Kinoshita-Lee-Nauenberg theorem which mandates an initial and final state sum. While well-motivated, this theorem is much weaker than necessary: for finiteness, one need only sum over initial $\\textit{or}$ final states. Moreover, the cancellation generically requires the inclusion of the forward scattering process. We provide a number of examples showing the importance of this revised understanding: in $e^+e^- \\to Z$ at next-to-leading order, one can sum over certain initial"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.10022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"b26fCDRLqXaT6ZXg8mRTCwgAx7ZUbYJSjiZZGBj2Azh10oAij0/3+VANjE/mkjGBHRvREkwHAMd30VmzZfRwDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T09:44:12.483234Z"},"content_sha256":"814d8464dc40384a1db7d86188749fa046b07343485a595a63df98a339601ebb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:814d8464dc40384a1db7d86188749fa046b07343485a595a63df98a339601ebb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCFFKMBDSL35W/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCFFKMBDSL35W/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCFFKMBDSL35W/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T09:44:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCFFKMBDSL35W","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCFFKMBDSL35W/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCFFKMBDSL35W/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCFFKMBDSL35W/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCFFKMBDSL35W","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4c082129ce760b5e81a341d9115ee63744de7bb257ab315a42d565e653fc8bf9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2018-10-23T18:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"42f663d21dd6efa0db95f6a81a938d06f1374e2bdd9c873f72fe872095e1037d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.10022","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.10022","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.10022v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.10022","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AY7LAV6D5OP5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AY7LAV6D5OP5RUCF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AY7LAV6D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:814d8464dc40384a1db7d86188749fa046b07343485a595a63df98a339601ebb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Infrared divergences have long been heralded to cancel in sufficiently inclusive cross-sections, according to the famous Kinoshita-Lee-Nauenberg theorem which mandates an initial and final state sum. While well-motivated, this theorem is much weaker than necessary: for finiteness, one need only sum over initial $\\textit{or}$ final states. Moreover, the cancellation generically requires the inclusion of the forward scattering process. We provide a number of examples showing the importance of this revised understanding: in $e^+e^- \\to Z$ at next-to-leading order, one can sum over certain initial","authors_text":"Christopher Frye, Holmfridur Hannesdottir, Kai Yan, Matthew D. Schwartz, Nisarga Paul","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2018-10-23T18:00:04Z","title":"Infrared Finiteness and Forward Scattering"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.10022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cf98481225cc0a89d495545bd1a6a753b0c1cd68874249023f813aba450f20d6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4c082129ce760b5e81a341d9115ee63744de7bb257ab315a42d565e653fc8bf9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2018-10-23T18:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"42f663d21dd6efa0db95f6a81a938d06f1374e2bdd9c873f72fe872095e1037d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.10022","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"063eb057c3eb9fd8d0452a9811c97bed80b9e44b7ebe0941e27ec7385e281faf","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"063eb057c3eb9fd8d0452a9811c97bed80b9e44b7ebe0941e27ec7385e281faf","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40.853832Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40.853832Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"s9wuVtgEQLxSf3kLZUCJwt+O8IXB+Ih6JXu9cgn+GQDtSZ8yfdzGfdHOkAGTaY2htZ7XqQlr+FLIwTOfRBbcDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:40.854313Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1810.10022","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cf98481225cc0a89d495545bd1a6a753b0c1cd68874249023f813aba450f20d6","sha256:814d8464dc40384a1db7d86188749fa046b07343485a595a63df98a339601ebb"],"state_sha256":"5ce74520784caa3a818e76b64e27eb942b8bd08c1e01ad0034d7845f456e8b1c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HsZyqXKnsyxqgpMcYVXC1j6o62ADerWuiczeyl8XA1vNbJzGSjmo5WZldI2yaiBFMmKZoBwgsMd4s/i998W3Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T09:44:12.487177Z","bundle_sha256":"a05d4605dbefb8f93f864b769d1bc1ef3820679608fb8772efebef8e605d30c5"}}