{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR3P7XKDUUPE","short_pith_number":"pith:AZABW6QG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.21516","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T17:41:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.GN","q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"629050b67e1fe3b8502c1280f828fbcc29b54216647c21a526de1ccf6372520f","abstract_canon_sha256":"b2e3cd6eb7b1d84ad65622b58eda91b8d37bb3fd0c8c4f2f07c40cef15a93f3e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"06401b7a06d3d34a2911dbff750e947932f7671dfd13ffaa04be42384466fcc0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.21516","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.21516","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.21516v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.21516","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AZABW6QG2PJU","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AZABW6QG","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR3P7XKDUUPE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.21516","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T17:41:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.GN","q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"629050b67e1fe3b8502c1280f828fbcc29b54216647c21a526de1ccf6372520f","abstract_canon_sha256":"b2e3cd6eb7b1d84ad65622b58eda91b8d37bb3fd0c8c4f2f07c40cef15a93f3e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"06401b7a06d3d34a2911dbff750e947932f7671dfd13ffaa04be42384466fcc0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07.515803Z","signature_b64":"bySQVQxlc5wdGSpTeKtVmzQiySSL4G0b6EawuSNkigZj6ehVgIBYpXOVg96RFkZedkKYl2G6vqRPUlYYg5ITDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"06401b7a06d3d34a2911dbff750e947932f7671dfd13ffaa04be42384466fcc0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07.515302Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07.515302Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.21516","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"33SDyA+7kYiMv5kYmyTum7QEstIh9cM+iNHrGlMPWgcBYgpv6Az7y4B5m8hRXdoyEsuxGrYLyejMVJ5WgMrOCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T14:18:16.917638Z"},"content_sha256":"05e952624612eda1891cdef1a7752a387043996cefce37a3a9f96d014a012190","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:05e952624612eda1891cdef1a7752a387043996cefce37a3a9f96d014a012190"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR3P7XKDUUPE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A mix of long-duration hydrogen and thermal storage enables large-scale electrified heating in a renewable European energy system","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["econ.GN","q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Alexander Roth, Felix Schmidt, Wolf-Peter Schill","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T17:41:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"Hydrogen-based long-duration electricity storage (LDES) is a key component of renewable energy systems to deal with seasonality and prolonged periods of low wind and solar energy availability. In this paper, we investigate how electrified heating with heat pumps impacts LDES requirements in a fully renewable European energy system, and which role thermal storage can play. Using a large weather dataset of 78 weather years, we find that electrified heating significantly increases LDES needs, as optimal average energy capacities more than quadruple across all weather years compared to a scenario "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.21516","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.21516/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rItTuLwl4ZQY+KBCb0vfJ/6viY+P12lHoBmg/QtOZinMPZ/g+y0gatajSnCSw6ywXWv4rQpLWogEPKfpN8HeAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T14:18:16.918155Z"},"content_sha256":"64b12a71c07b8dac6e4a490c669280d35af651aa389ddac7b417e12053cd223c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:64b12a71c07b8dac6e4a490c669280d35af651aa389ddac7b417e12053cd223c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR3P7XKDUUPE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR3P7XKDUUPE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR3P7XKDUUPE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T14:18:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR3P7XKDUUPE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR3P7XKDUUPE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR3P7XKDUUPE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR3P7XKDUUPE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR3P7XKDUUPE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b2e3cd6eb7b1d84ad65622b58eda91b8d37bb3fd0c8c4f2f07c40cef15a93f3e","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.GN","q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T17:41:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"629050b67e1fe3b8502c1280f828fbcc29b54216647c21a526de1ccf6372520f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.21516","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.21516","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.21516v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.21516","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AZABW6QG2PJU","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AZABW6QG2PJUUKIR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AZABW6QG","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:64b12a71c07b8dac6e4a490c669280d35af651aa389ddac7b417e12053cd223c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.21516/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Hydrogen-based long-duration electricity storage (LDES) is a key component of renewable energy systems to deal with seasonality and prolonged periods of low wind and solar energy availability. In this paper, we investigate how electrified heating with heat pumps impacts LDES requirements in a fully renewable European energy system, and which role thermal storage can play. Using a large weather dataset of 78 weather years, we find that electrified heating significantly increases LDES needs, as optimal average energy capacities more than quadruple across all weather years compared to a scenario ","authors_text":"Alexander Roth, Felix Schmidt, Wolf-Peter Schill","cross_cats":["econ.GN","q-fin.EC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T17:41:13Z","title":"A mix of long-duration hydrogen and thermal storage enables large-scale electrified heating in a renewable European energy system"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.21516","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:05e952624612eda1891cdef1a7752a387043996cefce37a3a9f96d014a012190","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b2e3cd6eb7b1d84ad65622b58eda91b8d37bb3fd0c8c4f2f07c40cef15a93f3e","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.GN","q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T17:41:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"629050b67e1fe3b8502c1280f828fbcc29b54216647c21a526de1ccf6372520f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.21516","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"06401b7a06d3d34a2911dbff750e947932f7671dfd13ffaa04be42384466fcc0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"06401b7a06d3d34a2911dbff750e947932f7671dfd13ffaa04be42384466fcc0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07.515302Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07.515302Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bySQVQxlc5wdGSpTeKtVmzQiySSL4G0b6EawuSNkigZj6ehVgIBYpXOVg96RFkZedkKYl2G6vqRPUlYYg5ITDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:07.515803Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.21516","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:05e952624612eda1891cdef1a7752a387043996cefce37a3a9f96d014a012190","sha256:64b12a71c07b8dac6e4a490c669280d35af651aa389ddac7b417e12053cd223c"],"state_sha256":"ad71027be5370ca635e6c8aaa7f28f0a2e2521fa69560e0a8fe68717975e00eb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vrGMTPA9csEtWYxfeioZqA8f+ZJ/78IqjwLrCZ+HYvIiS6KWxcmmy4TxHaaovQBpJrPhbs8d7dnQAzGATvcsDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T14:18:16.922755Z","bundle_sha256":"0ae8bd76bbdfaab6f24ad9e190264e4cae73f374c6772a93b3866b0f899c2b41"}}